3种最大摄氧量实验室直接测试方法结果比较、回归分析与应用

Three laboratory direct test methods for maximal oxygen uptake:Comparison,regression analysis and applications

目的:通过实验研究比较3种常用最大摄氧量(VO2max)实验室直接测试法测试结果间差异,探讨不同方法测试结果间线性回归关系,便于不同方法测试结果间的互相预测与实现可比性。方法:采用整群抽样、组内交互设计的准实验研究,对20名越野滑雪男运动员分别采用Bruce法(方法1)、功率自行车90秒递增负荷法(方法2)、跑台1分钟递增负荷法(方法3)3种方法进行最大摄氧量直接测试,每两种方法测试间歇期为1周。自变量为3种最大摄氧量测试方法,因变量为最大摄氧量。结果:(1)3种测试方法最大摄氧量的组间均值方差分析结果显示组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),多重比较结果显示方法1的最大摄氧量>方法3>方法2,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)3种方法测试结果个体差值的频数统计显示,测试方法1的最大摄氧量高于方法2约6 ml/min·kg,高于方法3约3 ml/min·kg;(3)同等跑台跑速下,方法3的平均血乳酸高于方法1,且方法3达有氧阈、无氧阈的跑速均低于方法1约一个速度单位(1 km/h);(4)方法1与方法2、方法1与方法3测试结果的线性回归分析显示,回归模型与回归系数均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),线性模型检验拟合度R2分别为9.25、9.05。结论:(1)Bruce法在评价运动员阶段最大摄氧量的最大值方面效果最好,其它两种方法与其存在线性回归关系,可用于不同测试方法结果间的互相预测;(2)不同项目、不同水平的运动员可分别采用适合其能力特点的方法进行最大摄氧量测试;(3)有氧阈、无氧阈对应的跑速、心率变化区间可作为把控有氧阈、无氧阈训练强度的有效、便捷方法。

Objective To compare the discrepancies among results of three commonly used laboratory direct test methods for maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)),explore their linear regression relationships,mutual predictability and comparability.Methods Using a quasi-experimental design of cluster sampling and within-group interaction design,20 male cross-country skiers were tested for VO_(2max)using the Bruce protocol(Method 1),90-second incremental load exercise on power bicycle(Method 2),and 1-minute incremental load exercise on treadmill(Method 3),with an interval of one week.The independent and dependent variable were the three VO_(2max)test methods and the VO_(2max),respectively.Results Significant differences were found in the average VO_(2max)of the three test results,with the value measured by Method 1 ranking the first,followed by that assessed by Method 3 and Method 2(P<0.05).Moreover,the frequency of individual differences in the results of the three methods showed that the VO_(2max)of Method 1 was about 6 and 3 ml/min·kg higher than that measured by Method 2 and 3.However,at the same treadmill speed,the average blood lactate evaluated using Method 3 was higher than Method 1,and the speed reached aerobic and anaerobic thresholds about one speed unit(1 km/h)lower than Method 1.Meanwhile,linear regression analyses of the test results between Method 1and 2,as well as Method 1 and 3 showed that both the regression models and coefficients were statistically significant(P<0.001),with the R-squared values of 9.25 and 9.05,respectively.Conclusion The Bruce protocol performs best in assessing the maximum value of the athlete's VO_(2max)phase,whose results have linear regression relationships with the other two methods,and can be used for predicting their results.Moreover,athletes of different events and levels can choose different VO_(2max)test methods accordingly.Lastly,the speed and heart rate ranges corresponding to the aerobic and anaerobic thresholds can serve as an effective and convenient method to control the training intensity.