北京市工业园区VOCs污染特征及健康风险评估案例:高新技术产业的环境影响

VOCs Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment in Typical Industrial Parks in Beijing:Environmental Impact of High and New Technology Industries

随着国家产业结构的不断调整和工业企业入驻园区刚性要求的不断强化,以高新技术为支柱产业的高新技术产业园区不断增加,为分析涉VOCs高新技术产业对园区环境质量的影响,选取北京市典型高新技术产业园区作为研究案例,采用BCT-7800A PLUS挥发性有机物在线监测系统对园区环境VOCs(共计115种)进行了监测,分析了园区环境VOCs污染水平和臭氧生成潜势,并计算毒性VOCs的危害指数(HI)和终生癌症风险(Risk).利用气相色谱-质谱/氢离子火焰检测器联用(GC-MS/FID)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)的方法检测了园区不同点位的环境VOCs,并对不同点位的环境VOCs污染特征进行了分析.结果表明:(1)连续监测期间高新技术产业园区φ(TVOCs)为(72.71±52.51)×10^(-9),VOCs主要贡献组分为烷烃和OVOCs,占比分别为38.3%和21.8%,主要受燃料燃烧源影响,园区OFP均值为404.13μg·m^(-3).(2)健康风险评价表明,连续监测期间园区毒性VOCs造成的非致癌风险(HI)均低于1,处于可接受水平;1,2-二氯乙烷平均致癌风险超过安全阈值,表示该物种存在致癌风险,三氯甲烷、1,2-二溴乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷和苯的均值低于安全阈值,但最高值超过安全阈值,表明这4个物种在特定高排放时段同样存在致癌风险,需要引起重点关注.(3)离线采样检测结果显示,园区不同点位环境φ(TVOCs)的均值为(37.62±11.01)×10^(-9),4个点位VOCs体积分数大于其他研究中的市区环境监测点位(30.34×10^(-9)).OFP均值为246.38μg·m^(-3),5个点位OFP均高于市区监测点位,园区高新技术企业排放的VOCs对环境存在一定的影响.

With the continuous adjustment of the national industrial structure and the strengthening of the rigid requirements for industrial enterprises to settle in parks,the number of high-tech industrial parks with high-tech as the pillar industry continues to increase.To analyze the impact of VOCs-related high-tech industries on the environmental quality of parks,Beijing's typical high-tech industrial parks were selected as research cases,and the BCT-7800A PLUS volatile organic compounds online monitoring system was used to monitor 115 types of VOCs in the park environment.The pollution level and ozone generation potential of VOCs in the park environment were analyzed,and the hazard index(HI)and lifetime carcinogenic risk(Risk)of toxic VOCs were calculated.The environmental VOCs at different sites in the park were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/hydrogen ion flame detector(GC-MS/FID)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and the pollution characteristics of environmental VOCs at different sites were analyzed.The research results indicated that:①during the continuous monitoring period,the high-tech industrial parkφ(TVOCs)was(72.71±52.51)×10^(-9),and the main contributing components of VOCs were alkanes and OVOCs,accounting for 38.3%and 21.8%,respectively.They were mainly affected by fuel combustion sources,and the average OFP of the park was 404.13µg·m^(−3).②The health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk(HI)caused by toxic VOCs in the park during continuous monitoring was below 1,which was at an acceptable level.The average carcinogenic risk of 1,2-dichloroethane exceeded the safety threshold,indicating that the species had a carcinogenic risk.The average values of trichloromethane,1,2-dibromoethane,1,2-dichloropropane,and benzene were below the safety threshold,but the highest value exceeded the safety threshold,indicating that these four species also had a carcinogenic risk during specific high-emission periods and need to be given special attention.③Offline sampling detection results showed the characteristics of the environment at different sites in the park.The average value ofφ(TVOCs)was(37.62±11.01)×10^(-9).The volume fraction of VOCs at four sites was higher than that of other urban environmental monitoring sites in the study(30.34×10^(-9)).The average OFP value was 246.38µg·m^(−3).The OFP at five monitoring sites was higher than that at urban monitoring sites,indicating that the VOCs emitted by high-tech enterprises in the park had a certain impact on the environment.