育龄妇女孕前贫血现状及影响因素研究:单中心真实世界大数据分析

Research on the current status and influencing factors of pre-pregnancy anemia among women of childbearing age:a single-center real-world big data analysis

目的分析育龄妇女孕前血红蛋白检查结果,探讨育龄妇女孕前贫血现状及相关影响因素。方法采用单中心真实世界数据分析,纳入2017年1月至2021年12月于深圳市福田区妇幼保健院参与孕前检查的57280例育龄妇女为研究对象,通过病史采集、血红蛋白实验室检测,分析育龄妇女孕前贫血现状,并探讨相关的可能影响因素。结果育龄妇女孕前贫血平均发生率为5.50%,呈逐年下降趋势,其中主要为轻度贫血,其平均发生率为5.10%,在各年间的差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=328.71、333.15,均P<0.05)。年龄较低(21~24岁)(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.12~1.28)、有贫血家族史(OR=5.28,95%CI:4.32~6.45)、月经量偏多(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.41~1.97)是育龄妇女发生贫血的危险因素;而文化程度较高[高中(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.68~0.99、大专及以上(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.44~0.71)]、有不良孕产史(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.65~0.83)是发生贫血的保护因素。结论深圳市孕前优生健康检查中育龄妇女贫血发病率呈下降趋势,临床上孕前优生健康宣教及干预应重点关注低年龄段、低学历、有贫血家族史及月经量偏多的人群,以降低孕期贫血相关疾病的风险。

Objective Among women of childbearing age,analyze their results of pre-pregnancy hemoglobin tests,and explore their current status and related influencing factors of pre-pregnancy anemia.Methods A single-center real-world data analysis was used,including 57280 women of childbearing age who participated in pre-pregnancy examinations at Shenzhen Futian District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021.Through medical history collection and hemoglobin laboratory testing,we analyzed the status of pre-pregnancy anemia among women of childbearing age,and explored the potential influencing factors.Results The average incidence of pre-pregnancy anemia among women of childbearing age was 5.50%,showing a decreasing over the years.Among them,the average incidence of mild anemia was 5.10%,and the differences in incidence among years were statistically significant(χ^(2)=328.71,333.15,both P<0.05).Risk factors for anemia among women of childbearing age included younger age(21-24 years old)(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.12-1.28),a family history of anemia(OR=5.28,95%CI:4.32-6.45),and excessive menstrual flow(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.41-1.97).Protective factors against anemia included higher education levels[high school(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.68-0.99),college or above(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.44-0.71)]and an abnormal childbearing history(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.65-0.83).Conclusion The incidence of anemia among women of childbearing age in pre-pregnancy eugenics health examination in Shenzhen has shown a declining trend.In clinical practice,pre-pregnancy eugenics health education and intervention should focus on populations with low age,low education level,a family history of anemia,and excessive menstrual flow,so as to reduce the risk of anemia-related diseases during pregnancy.