2012年至2022年南昌市西湖区流行性感冒流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Influenza in Xihu District of Nanchang City from 2012 to 2022

目的为了更有效的控制本地疫情,了解和掌握南昌市西湖区流行性感冒的流行特征与规律西湖区,检验政策的实效,为完善流行性感冒防控工作体系提供科学的依据。方法从“中国疾病预防控制信息报告管理系统”导出2021年至2022年南昌市西湖区上报的流行性感冒病例数据资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对流行性感冒病例的三间分布及病原学检测结果进行分析。结果2012年至2022年在南昌市西湖区辖区内共报告流行性感冒病例6743例,发病高峰为6月和1月,年均报告发病率为123/10万,死亡病例数115例;各街道(镇)均有流行性感冒病例流行,以桃花镇、朝阳洲等地区为主,桃花镇例数最多,为793例(11.76%);男性发病率为133/10万,高于女性的113/10万,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄分布情况,病例主要是集中在年龄主要在0~10岁,占总人群的65.90%;从病例职业来看,多为学生和散居儿童,分别占30%和19%。结论通过对南昌市西湖区流行性感冒病例从时间、地域、人群的结构分析,找出2019年12月开始的新冠疫情、南昌市西湖区的高湿环境、流动人口、老旧城区的生活习惯、人口密度等这些可能成为流感处于上升趋势、呈现高发态势的因素,从而为今后流行性感冒的防控制定有效的方案提供了理论依据。

Objectives To more effectively control the local epidemic situation,understand and master the epidemic characteristics and laws of influenza in Xihu District of Nanchang City,and verify the effectiveness of policies,so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the prevention and control system of influenza.Methods The data of influenza cases reported in Xihu District of Nanchang City from 2012 to 2022 were derived from the“China Disease Prevention and Control Information Reporting Management System”,and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the three distribution of influenza cases as well asthe results ofetiological detection.Results A total of 6743 cases of influenza were reported in Xihu District of Nanchang City from 2012 to 2022.It is discovered that the peak incidence was in June and January,and the average annual incidence rate as 123/100000,with 115 cases of deaths.Influenza cases were reported in all streets(towns)in the district,dominated byTaohua Town andChaoyangzhou.There were 793 cases reported in Taohua Town(11.76%),which was the highest among the sample.The male incidence rate was 133/100000,which was higher than that of females(113/100000),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The age distribution showed that the cases were mainly concentrated in the age of 0 to 10 years old,accounting for 65.90%of the total population.From the perspective of occupation,most of the cases were students and scattered children,accounting for 30%and 19%respectively.Conclusions Through the analysis of the structure of influenza cases in Xihu District of Nanchang City from the perspectives of time,geography,and population,this paper suggests that the COVID-19 epidemic starting in December 2019,the high humidity environment in Xihu District,the floating population,the living habits of the old urban area,and the population density may become factors for the upward trend and high incidence of influenza,thus providing a theoretical basis for the formulation of effective prevention and control programs for influenza in the future.