电梯限速器测试用提绳装置及提绳方法研究

Rope lifting device and rope lifting method for elevator speed limiter test

针对目前将钢丝绳从限速器轮上脱离普遍存在夹不牢、易伤绳、难提起等问题,通过对电梯限速器结构形式及其钢丝绳的受力分析,提出了一种基于增力机构的提绳脱离方法。首先,设计制造了由定位钳、提绳钳、支承轴、支座和单向锁组成的提绳装置,该装置采用台虎钳的螺旋增力原理制成的定位钳和提绳钳对钢丝绳进行了夹紧式固定,采用杠杆的增力原理制成的提绳钳、支承轴和支座对钢丝绳进行了提起,采用基于棘轮机构制成的单向锁对提起钢丝绳进行了定位;然后,通过单轴拉伸试验确定了钢丝绳与提绳钳之间的摩擦系数,通过性能测试确定了提绳装置夹紧和提起钢丝绳的能力;最后,通过现场试验,针对钢丝绳的柔性变形特性,对提绳脱离方法进行了优化。研究结果表明:在电梯静止的情况下,采用该提绳装置,仅需单人施加很小的力,便可将钢丝绳夹紧并提起脱离到满足限速器测试所需的位置,且整个提绳时间不大于1 min。

Aiming at solving some problems in the separation of wire rope from the overspeed governor wheel,such as unstable clamping,easy to damage rope and difficult to lift,through the analysis of the structure of elevator overspeed governor and the force of wire rope,a method of rope separation based on force increasing mechanism was proposed.Firstly,a rope-lifting device composed of positioning clamp,rope-lifting clamp,supporting shaft,bearing and one-way lock was designed and manufactured.The device adopted the positioning clamp and rope-lifting clamp made of the spiral force-increasing principle of the bench vice to realize the clamping fixation of the wire rope.The rope-lifting clamp,supporting shaft and bearing made of the force-increasing principle of the lever were used to lift the wire rope,and the one-way lock based on the ratchet mechanism was used to realize the positioning of the lifted wire rope.Then,the friction coefficient between the wire rope and the rope clamp was determined by uniaxial tensile test,and the ability of the rope lifting device to clamp and lift the wire rope was determined by performance test.Finally,the rope separation method was optimized for the flexible deformation characteristics of the wire rope through field tests.The research results show that when the elevator is stationary,the designed rope lifting device can clamp and lift the wire rope out of the position required to meet the overspeed governor test with only a small force applied by a single person,and the whole rope lifting time is not more than 1 min.