魏晋十六国经略河湟探赜

Exploring the Hehuang Region during the Wei-Jin Sixteen Kingdoms Period

河湟地区作为政治、军事、经济和交通的战略要地,历来被各朝所重视。曹魏西晋在两汉经营基础上采取稳定河湟、安抚诸羌的政策,一方面承袭东汉的郡县体制,在河湟地区设置西平郡;另一方面以护羌校尉节制安抚河湟诸羌。东晋十六国时期的汉、鲜卑、氐、羌和卢水胡部族建立的前凉、前秦、后凉、后秦、南凉、西秦、北凉等诸政权相继深入河湟展开经营进行角逐,并随着河湟地区复杂的民族形势以及十六国各政权间的战和关系变化而不断调整改变经营策略和方式,各政权在河湟地区定都城、置郡县、设护军,发展经济和农业,传承传播中原政治文化制度,开发建设河湟,更进一步加强了各民族交往交流交融。

The Hehuang Region,as a strategic area for politics,military,economy and transportation,has always been valued by various dynasties.Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasty,building on the foundation laid during the Han Dynasty,implemented policies to stabilize the Hehuang Region and pacify the Qiang tribes.On one hand,they continued the Eastern Han Dynasty's prefectural-County system by establishing the Xiping Commandery in the Hehuang Region.On the other hand,they appointed Protector-General of the Qiang(护羌校尉)to control and pacify the various Qiang tribes in the region.During the Period of the Eastern Jin and the Sixteen Kingdoms,the Han,Xianbei,Di,Qiang,and Lushui Hu tribes established various regimes such as Former Liang,Former Qin,Later Liang,Later Qin,Southern Liang,Western Qin,and Northern Liang,which successively expanded their operations in the Hehuang Region,competing with each other.With the complex ethnic situation in the Hehuang Region and the changing relationships and warfare among the regimes of the Sixteen Kingdoms,they continuously adjusted and changed their operational strategies and methods.These regimes established their capitals,set up prefectural-County,stationed garrisons,developed the economy and agriculture,inherited and disseminated the political and cultural systems of the Central Plains,and promoted the development and construction of the Hehuang Region,further enhancing the interaction,exchange and integration of various ethnic groups.