肉鸭粪肥替代化肥对小白菜及土壤环境的影响

Effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by different treatments of meat duck manure on Chinese cabbage and soil environment

为探究肉鸭粪肥部分替代化肥对小白菜品质及土壤环境的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了好氧堆肥、异位发酵床、黑膜厌氧塘3种方式腐熟的肉鸭粪肥等氮量替代30%、50%和70%化肥下,小白菜产量、品质及土壤环境的变化情况。结果表明:在38d的生长期内,配施肉鸭粪肥可显著提高小白菜可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白的含量,黑膜厌氧塘处理的鸭粪肥30%替代化肥对提升小白菜鲜质量,菜叶中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白效果最优;肉鸭粪肥部分替代化肥处理相较纯化肥处理可使小白菜中硝酸盐含量下降31.4%~41.1%。配施肉鸭粪肥30%替代化肥处理,小白菜地上部重金属As、Cr、Cd的含量均未超出食品安全相关标准的安全限值;而当好氧堆肥处理后的肉鸭粪肥替代比例为50%和70%时,菜叶中Pb含量超标。在本试验条件下各肉鸭粪肥替代化肥处理均未增加土壤重金属污染等级,但增加了土壤中抗生素的种类,且主要以氟甲砜霉素为主。研究表明,肉鸭粪肥等氮量部分替代化学氮肥施用有助于增加小白菜产量,提升小白菜中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,降低其硝酸盐含量,对小白菜和土壤中重金属的影响较小,但会增加土壤中抗生素的种类,综合结果表明黑膜厌氧塘处理的肉鸭粪肥30%替代化肥施用效果最佳。

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of using duck manure fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on the quality of Chinese cabbage and the soil environment.A pot experiment was conducted to study the changes in the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and the soil environment under the effect of replacing 30%,50%,and 70%of chemical fertilisers with the nitrogen equivalent of meat duck manure rotted using three treatments:aerobic composting,ectopic fermentation bed,and black film anaerobic pond treatments.The results showed that,during a 38-d growth period,the use of duck manure fertilizer significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the Chinese cabbage.The black film anaerobic pond treatment with 30%substitution of duck manure fertilizer was the most effective in increasing the fresh weight of the Chinese cabbage as well as the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the leaves.Compared with the pure chemical fertilizer treatment,the use of partially substituted duck manure fertilizer reduced the nitrate content in the Chinese cabbage by 31.4%to 41.1%.When 30%of duck manure fertilizer was substituted for chemical fertilizer,the levels of heavy metals As,Cr,and Cd in the aerial part of the Chinese cabbage did not exceed the safety limits of relevant food safety standards.However,when the proportions of duck manure fertilizer substituted after anaerobic composting treatment were 50%and 70%,the Pb content in the leaves exceeded the standards.Under the experimental conditions,the use of partially substituted duck manure fertilizer did not increase the heavy metal contamination level of the soil,but it increased the diversity of antibiotics,mainly florfenicol,in the soil.The results showed that the use of partially substituted duck manure fertilizer was beneficial for increasing the yield of Chinese cabbage,improving the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in Chinese cabbage,and reducing the nitrate content,and it had little effect on the content of heavy metals in the Chinese cabbage and soil.However,it increased the diversity of antibiotics in the soil.Overall,the use of the black film anaerobic pond treatment with 30%substitution of duck manure fertilizer is the best option.