社交媒体影响下城市休闲空间分布新特征:基于小红书打卡地与POI的对比分析

New Features of Urban Leisure Space Distribution under the Influence of Social Media:A Comparison between Xiaohongshu Check-ins and POI

移动信息通信技术与社交媒体对日常生活的嵌入日益加深,影响了居民休闲活动区位选择,但就其影响的空间规律性特征认识相对欠缺。研究基于对比的视角,选取大连市小红书休闲打卡点位数据与同类别休闲POI数据,从集中度与集群度2个维度、在主城区与行政街道两个尺度上,采用核密度估计、热点分析、DBSCAN等空间分析方法测度对比两类休闲空间的分布特征,并据此提出初步的机制解析。研究发现:(1)休闲打卡地大多分布于城市核心区内,但分布范围更小、核心数量更少;(2)在宏观尺度上,休闲打卡地呈现出更低的集中度(差值约3%)与集群度(平均差值约18%),分布具有明显的“均质化散布”特征,在街道尺度上分布趋势相同,但在不同街道2类指标的差值大小存在显著不同;(3)休闲打卡地的热点集聚区范围更小,就其分布位置而言,在宏观与街道尺度上分别有85%与77%的休闲打卡地热点集聚区位于全量休闲空间热点集聚区内,少量休闲打卡地特有的热点集聚区主要分布于历史街区以及滨海岸线等城市特色风貌区;(4)根据街道内指标高低,休闲打卡地的分布模式可以总结为“原中心集群型”、“原中心散布型”、“新中心散布型”以及“无中心散布型”4类,不同分布模式所在街道的功能、区位等特征存在差异。研究基于行动者网络理论解析了社交媒体影响下休闲打卡行为的行动过程,并在此基础上从场所空间与流空间的差异出发,结合时间地理学的基本理论,认为社交媒体在原有时空制约的基础上构建了一种以强目的性空间探索为特征的休闲活动新“地方秩序”,它体现了基于虚拟联系的流空间对基于实体在场的场所空间的影响:强化节点吸引力的作用,降低中微观尺度上的可达性约束,增加区位灵活性。

The mobile communication technology and social media has been deeply embedded into people's daily life,affecting people's choices of leisure activities.However,there is still limited understanding of the spatial regularity characteristics of its impact,particularly due to the lack of empirical analysis utilizing specific quantitative indicators.Given that the layout of leisure spaces is closely linked to social equity,it is essential to obtain a better understanding of the emerging spatial patterns in order to improve residents' well-being.To address this gap,leisure check-ins on Xiaohongshu(a Chinese social media platform) and leisure Points of Interest(POI) in Dalian are used to measure the characteristics of these two types of leisure spaces in two dimensions:concentration and clustering,and at two scales:the main urban area and subdistricts.Various spatial analysis methods,including kernel density estimation,head/tail breaks,hot spot analysis(Getis-Ord Gi*),and DBSCAN(Density-Based Clustering),are employed to analyze the data.The findings are that:(1) Leisure checkins are mostly located in the urban central area,with a smaller distribution range and fewer hotspot cores;(2) At both the main urban area and subdistricts scales,the distribution of leisure check-ins exhibits lower concentration and clustering,with obvious "decentralized dispersion" characteristics.However,the degree of significance of these features varies across different subdistricts;(3) The majority hotspots of leisure check-ins are located in traditional hotspots,with a few emerging in expansion of urban central area or regions with unique features,such as historic urban landscape district and marina space;(4) The distribution patterns of leisure checkins can be grouped into four types based on differences in subdistricts' concentration and clustering ratio:"original center cluster type","original center scattered type","new center scattered type",and "no center scattered type".The subdistricts with these different distribution patterns exhibit differences in functionality,location,and other characteristics.This study analyses the behavioral processes of leisure activities under the influence of social media through the lens of Actor-Network-Theory.Based on the fundamental principles of temporal geography and differences between "space of places" and "space of flows",it is argued that social media engenders a novel "local order" of leisure pursuits,marked by a desire for spatial exploration.This new order reflects the impact of "space of flows" based on virtual connections on "space of places" based on physical presence,which strengthens the role of node attractors,reduces the constraints of accessibility at micro scales,and increases the flexibility of location.