街道尺度下北京城市公共体育设施空间配置研究

Study on Spatial Allocation of Public Sports Facilities in Beijing at Residential Community Scale

城市公共体育设施的分布特征与可达性、公平性等空间配置直接关系到基本公共服务的均等性与城市空间结构的完整性。本文以北京市为例,以POI数据表征城市公共体育设施,运用核密度估计、最近邻指数、改进型两步移动搜索法以及覆盖度指数等分析方法,研究北京街道尺度上城市公共体育设施的空间集聚特征及供需视角下的可达性与公平性。结果表明:(1)改进型两步移动搜索法考虑了不同等级城市公共体育设施的供给规模与“15 min生活圈”理念下的居民出行距离,适合街区级与社区级体育设施可达性分析,中心城区街区级与社区级设施空间可达性较高;(2)北京各级城市公共体育设施具有显著的空间集聚趋势,地区级设施表现为“点状集聚、面状分散”趋势,街区级总体呈现出“核心-边缘”式特征,中心城区供给数量多,周边地区配置少;社区级设施为“小集聚、大分散”模式,空间分布均匀;(3)北京社区级城市公共体育设施覆盖度高的街道最多,空间配置最为均衡,街区级设施覆盖度指数高的街道较少,覆盖范围相对有限。研究结果可为北京城市公共体育设施的规划编制与优化布局提供参考。

The distribution characteristics,accessibility,fairness,and other spatial configuration of urban public sports facilities are directly related to the equality of basic public services and the integrity of urban spatial structure.Taking Beijing as an example,this paper uses POI data to characterize urban public sports facilities,and uses kernel density estimation,nearest neighbor index,improved two-step mobile search method,and coverage index analysis methods to study the spatial agglomeration characteristics of urban public sports facilities at the street scale in Beijing,as well as the accessibility and fairness from the perspective of supply and demand.The results show that:(1) The improved two-step mobile search method considers the supply scale of public sports facilities at different levels of cities and the travel distance of residents under the concept of "15-min life circle",which is suitable for the accessibility analysis of block level and community level sports facilities.The spatial accessibility of block level and community level facilities in central urban areas is higher;(2) There is a significant spatial agglomeration trend of public sports facilities at all levels in Beijing.The blocklevel facilities show a trend of "point-like agglomeration and area-like dispersion",and the district-level facilities show a "core-edge" pattern,with more facilities in the central city and less in the surrounding areas.Communitylevel facilities are in the mode of "small agglomeration and large dispersion",with a uniform spatial distribution;(3) There are many streets with high coverage of public sports facilities at the community level in Beijing,and the spatial allocation is well balanced.There are few streets with high coverage index of public sports facilities at the block level,and the coverage is relatively limited.The results can provide reference for the planning and optimization of public sports facilities in Beijing.