推广汉学,沟通中外——一战后海外中国学院的创办与启示

Promoting Sinology and Enhancing the Communication between China and Foreign Countries:The Founding and Enlightenment of Overseas China Institutes after the First World War

随着1918年一战宣告结束,西方国家开始反思带来残酷战争的科技的弊害,并将目光转移到历来讲求以“和”为贵的中国传统文化上来。同时,在战后国际秩序重建的过程中,中国政府有意借此时机在海外推广中国文化。因此,在中外政府达成共识的基础上,作为促进中外文化交流的中国学院在海外各国应时而生。巴黎大学中国学院、法兰克福大学中国学院、印度国际大学中国学院等大量海外中国学院的创设,不仅在当时大力推广了中国文化,也发挥了进一步促进中外互动交流、激发海外汉学研究兴趣的成效。作为海外汉学传播的典型经验,中国学院的创办过程与办学经历对当今孔子学院的发展具有较高的借鉴价值。

With the ending of the First World War in 1918,western countries began to reflect on the harmful effects of technology that had brought cruel warfare,and turned their attention to traditional Chinese culture that has always emphasized“harmony.”At the same time,in the process of rebuilding the international order after the war,the Chinese government intends to take this opportunity to promote Chinese culture overseas.Therefore,on the basis of the consensus reached by the Chinese and foreign governments,the China Institutes,which aim at promoting cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries,were born at the right time in overseas countries.The establishment of a large number of overseas China Institutes,such as the China Institute of the University of Paris,the China Institute of the University of Frankfurt,and the China Institute of the International University of India,not only vigorously promoted Chinese culture at that time,but also further promoted interaction and exchanges between China and foreign countries and stimulated the interest of overseas sinology research.As a typical experience of overseas Sinology dissemination,the founding process and educational experience of China Institutes have high reference value for the development of Confucius Institutes today.