未知与演化:莱姆科幻想象的推演与启示

Unknowns and Evolutions:the Speculation of LEM’s Science Fictional Imagination

莱姆承袭科学革命与启蒙传统,认可想象力与认知的紧密关系,将数学表达的先验性与应用性作为对康德先验哲学的回应。他对科幻本体的阐释亦受博尔赫斯虚构叙事“对立融通”的启发。科幻想象的超越性,暗示了科幻能以“可能世界”的形式,重构宇宙与生命的存在,并对传统文学叙事的“元问题”进行新探索。莱姆的演化论则重视“无机—有机”构成的“内稳态”配置。人与技术结合的“内稳态”可提供优化的道德标准与伦理关系,推进技术演化的发展。科幻创作由此成为对自组织、自构建系统的推演方法,通过“思想实验”辨析人与技术演化的偶然、概率与必然性问题。

Influenced by the tradition of enlightenment and scientific revolution,Stanislaw Lem values the relationship between imagination and cognition.The transcendental expressions and applicable possibilities of mathematics become Lem’s response to Kantian transcendental philosophy.The“Unitas Oppositorum”of Borges’fictional narrative inspires Lem’s ontological interpretations of science fiction.The transcendence of science fictional imagination can reconstruct the existence of universe and life,in forms of“possible worlds”,meanwhile conduct new explorations on“meta-problems”of traditional literary narratives.Lem’s theory of evolution attaches great importance to the configuration of“homeostasis”composed of“inorganic-organic”.Homeostasis connecting human and technology can provide optimized moral standards and ethical relationships to promote the technological evolution.Science fictional creations thus become speculative methods for self-organizing and self-constructing systems.Through“thought experiments”,one can analyze the contingency,the probability and the inevitability in the co-evolution of human and technology.