模拟高高原机场疏散的低氧实验平台设计

Design of low-oxygen experimental platform for simulating high-plateau airport evacuation

为克服高高原机场疏散研究中实地实验的挑战,设计并研制了一套可以模拟高高原环境的低氧实验平台。综合利用文献调研、实验室测试等方法,分别从生理层面与认知层面设计了三组对照实验方案,即上下台阶实验、90 s跑步实验和反应能力实验,以模拟真实疏散情景。基于统计学原理,对比分析了高高原实地实验与低氧实验平台实验得到的心率、血氧、反应能力等数据。研究结果表明,三组对照试验数据无显著差异性,验证了该平台模拟高高原环境的可行性和合理性。该实验平台可为安全人机、职业卫生等领域的实验研究与教学创新提供支持。

[Objective]When evacuating people during accidents in high-plateau environments,those affected by high-altitude reactions are prone to physical and cognitive problems,such as slow behavior and slow response,which affect their cognitive response and independent decision-making.Therefore,studying evacuation problems in a high-plateau environment is significant for a more efficient emergency evacuation.However,environmental variations such as altitude and oxygen concentrations in plateau areas are difficult to control,and large experimental costs make it difficult to conduct evacuation field tests.Therefore,a low-oxygen experimental platform was designed to simulate a high-plateau environment.[Methods]Through literature research and laboratory experiments,three control experimental schemes,an up-and-down step experiment,a 90 s running experiment,and a reaction ability experiment,were designed to simulate evacuation scenarios based on physiology and cognition.The control experiments were conducted on a low-oxygen experimental platform and a high-altitude field.Heart rate,blood oxygen levels,and reaction speed were collected as evaluation indices of physiological and psychological dimensions.Statistically,the differences in experimental data between the high-plateau field and low-oxygen experimental platform were compared.The experimental data of the three groups were tested for normality.To analyze the difference between the two groups,non-normally distributed experimental data were analyzed using the independent sample Mann–Whitney U test,while normally distributed experimental data were analyzed using the independent sample T-test.[Results]In the up-and-down step experiments,the progressive significance of the heart rate and blood oxygen levels obtained from the low-oxygen experimental platform and Lhasa Gongga Airport were 0.052 and 0.112,respectively,which were greater than the significance level(P=0.05),and no significant difference was found between the two experimental results.In the 90 s running experiment,the progressive significance of the heart rate and blood oxygen levels obtained from the low-oxygen experimental platform and Lhasa Gongga Airport were 0.953 and 0.780,respectively,which were significantly greater than the significance level(P=0.05).No significant difference was found between the two experimental results.In the reaction ability experiment,the T-test results had P-values of 0.211 and 0.204,which were>0.05.No significant difference was noted between the experimental results obtained in the high-altitude field experiment(Nyingchi Airport and Lhasa Gongga Airport)and the low-oxygen experimental platform simulation.[Conclusions]By integrating statistical ideas and analyzing datasets,the low-oxygen experimental platform can simulate the field environment of a high-plateau airport within a certain range of error tolerance based on the results of an up-and-down step experiment,90 s running experiment,and reaction ability experiment.The experimental platform can serve as a basic support for experimental research and innovation for man–machine safety and occupational health.