基于数字孪生的建筑遗产保护路径探讨

Exploring the Path of Architectural Heritage Conservation Based on Digital Twins

当下的建筑遗产数字化受限于孤立的数字技术的采集、监测、管理,存在信息不流通、工作量重复、效率低下等问题,需要一套以整体视角来统筹全局的解决方式。数字孪生作为信息时代的先进理念,涵盖了信息采集、管理、预测、模拟、分析等多方面的理论思想,已经有较为完善的理论体系。本文将数字孪生理念引入建筑遗产保护中,讨论建筑遗产保护领域的数字孪生逻辑,将实现理想的建筑遗产数字孪生分为三个阶段,提出建筑遗产数字孪生的实现路径与技术应用等级,以期为建筑遗产数字化的提升发展提供参考思路。

The digitization of architectural heritage faces constraints of isolated collection,monitoring,and management of digital technologies,leading to issues such as information silos,redundant work,and low inefficiency.Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive solution that works collaboratively from a holistic perspective.As an advanced concept in the information era,the digital twins encompass theoretical ideas related to information collection,management,prediction,simulation,and analysis with a developed theory system.This paper introduces the concept of digital twins,proposed by Michael Grieve and John Vickers,into architectural heritage conservation.It integrates their interpretations of the digital twins with the characteristics of architectural heritage and explores its logic in architectural heritage conservation.This paper outlines three components of the digital twins of architectural heritage:architectural heritage entities,virtual architectural heritage,and data and information.It divides the ideal realization of the digital twins of architectural heritage into three stages:“virtual mirror”—virtual reproduction;symbiosis of the virtual and the real—lifecycle management;and heritage revitalization—digital museum.Through the case studies at each stage,this paper illustrates the meanings and methods of static and dynamic data collection,informatization and intelligent management,immersive spatial tours,and diverse information exhibitions.Despite the large number of cases of digital twins,the majority remain isolated.Establishing a system of digital twins for architectural heritage conservation requires a complete workflow.Hence,this paper proposes a path for the digital twins of architectural heritage,ultimately aiming at lifecycle management and value dissemination of architectural heritage.Additionally,it categorizes the technologies of digital twins in architectural heritage conservation into six levels based on the complexity and application sequence,and analyzes its application level and development trend.This paper employs the concept of digital twins to provide a holistic perspective on the digitization of architectural heritage,addressing questions about“what is the significance of the digital twins for architectural heritage and how to apply theory and technology of digital twins in architectural heritage conservation”.It helps government departments to formulate digital development strategies from a holistic perspective based on the deep integration of cultural heritage and technology.It also provides path reference for comprehensive digital conservation in architectural heritage conservation projects and research institutes.