信息交互理念下的建筑遗产保护与展示应用——以故宫养心殿东暖阁XR展陈项目为例

Preservation and Exhibition of Architectural Heritage under the Concept of Information Interaction:a Case Study of the XR Exhibition of the Eastern Warmth Chamber of the Hall of Mental Cultivation in the Palace Museum

新信息技术的快速迭代与普及为遗产展陈带来全新的发展前景。扩展现实(XR)技术在建筑遗产展陈中的应用,为用户提供了“信息交互”的可能性,从而极大丰富了遗产本体面向公众传达的信息容量与获取方式。本文以明清官式建筑北京故宫养心殿东暖阁XR展陈开发项目为例,展示了如何利用XR技术中的虚拟现实(VR)和增强现实(AR)两种具体技术方案,实现针对建筑本体以及附加其上的多元历史文化信息的交互式展示。VR和AR技术方案在公众体验建筑遗产时提供了以建筑本体为索引探寻其背后丰富知识的交互接口,此外还可在未来进一步拓展至服务建筑遗产保护从业者,实现对建筑遗产管理、监测与修缮的支持。

In recent years,the applications of extended reality(XR)technology in architectural heritage preservation and exhibition have attracted widespread attention.However,previous applications have aimed at displaying outcomes,not yet fully exploiting the unique interactive potential of XR technology.From the perspective of information interaction,this paper explores the path toward realizing an“audience-oriented”XR exhibition model by harnessing the potential to promote the preservation,inheritance,and audience interaction of architectural heritage.This paper studies the XR exhibition application development of the Eastern Warmth Chamber of the Hall of Mental Cultivation,an official building from the Ming and Qing dynasties.It illustrates the respective applications of virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies in online and on-site display.Additionally,it explores how these technologies expand the capacity of perceptible information by immersing the audience in virtual or augmented reality scenes of architectural heritage from various angles of space,time,subject,and object.In the spatial dimension,XR technology breaks through the physical limitations of conventional exhibitions.It enables the audience to transition scenes in the virtual world and explore various eras and places,providing them with a comprehensive understanding of the history and evolution of architecture.In the temporal dimension,the XR environment makes events and subjects from different periods coexist within the same scene through level and plot configurations,achieving dynamically interwoven information presentation.Crucially,XR technology transforms the audience from passive spectators to creators,granting them the autonomy to access and explore information.The audience can display information,design their exhibition space,and interact with architectural heritage,thereby gaining richer experience through interactivity.In addition,this paper distinguishes between VR and AR technologies and further discusses the applicability of their features to different usage scenarios.VR technology generates an entirely virtual world that immerses users,whereas AR superimposes virtual content into the real world,enabling users to interact with virtual information within their physical environment.Upon these findings,this paper argues that XR technology not only facilitates mass communication but also offers practitioners in architectural heritage preservation an integrated platform for management and monitoring,both online and offline.This platform allows professionals to access information about ancient buildings,and modify and annotate the data to support decision-making.The widespread application of the technology enhances the efficiency of architectural preservation efforts.