中外“遗址公园”管理模式对比研究

Comparative Study of the Management Models of Heritage Parks in China and Abroad

美国、欧洲、日本、澳大利亚等国家“遗址公园”管理模式各具特色,但同时也存在共性。各国中央政府均通过高层次的立法对遗址公园提供有力的法律保护,并通过中央财政拨款进行基础建设,政府在公园管理中拥有最大的主导权。我国须从行政体制和遗址所在地实情出发,建设有中国特色的国家考古遗址公园管理模式。在文物保护法等法律法规中明确考古遗址公园的地位,重点解决用地保障、保护补偿等难点问题,提升依法保护水平;要因地制宜,一园一策,按遗址所在区位分类进行建设;要持续加大和深化考古研究和阐释工作,结合“中华文明探源工程”“考古中国”等重大课题,力争推出更多成果;要以考古遗址公园为抓手,通过考古实地的实践、持续不断地开展公共考古活动,增加公众对考古的认识,以考古过程带动考古遗址公园的活态化,更好满足人民日益增长的对美好生活的需要。

Great ruins provide concrete evidence of a million years of human history,ten thousand years of cultural history,and five thousand years of civilization in China.Currently,there are 55 national archaeological site parks built and 80 projects approved in China.The sustainable management and operation of archaeological site parks is a topic worthy of consideration.Pased on a comprehensive understanding of mature experience of heritage parks abroad,it is necessary to connect with realities in China to explore the development path of archaeological site parks.It is necessary to clarify the status of archaeological site parks in laws and regulations concerning cultural heritage protection,focusing on challenges such as land use guarantee and protection compensation to enhance the legal protection level of national archaeological site parks.It is also necessary to adapt strategies to local conditions for each park,categorizing sites into urban,suburban,wild,and rural types according to locations and then constructing them with different emphases.It requires persistent and intensive efforts in archaeological research and interpretation.We can connect Project on Tracing the Origins of Chinese Civilization,Archaeological China and other major topics,leverage the talent aggregation advantage of archaeological site parks,and increase the research investment,aiming for further research results.Lastly,it calls for sustained revitalization of national archaeological site parks.Taking archaeological parks as a focal point,we can enhance public understanding of archaeology through field practices and constant activities of public archaeology.Promoting a dynamic and vital state of archaeological site parks through archaeological processes can meet people's growing need for a better life.