膝关节康复现状与展望

Current situation and prospect of knee joint rehabilitation

由于人口老龄化和竞技运动的增强,膝关节手术数量明显增加。膝关节术后活动能力和功能除了与手术密切相关外,持续、科学、有效的康复对恢复正常的关节活动度、肌力平衡、本体感觉、运动模式以及生活质量起着至关重要的作用。术后康复治疗的忽视,可能引起关节粘连甚至僵硬的发生。及时且有效的康复治疗在很大程度上改善了患者的预后,缩短了住院时间,减少了并发症,促进了关节功能恢复。康复治疗可能需要几周甚至几个月的时间,直至膝关节活动范围和神经、肌肉控制平衡完全恢复正常。康复医师和患者的紧密配合,结合先进的康复理念和技术,是取得最终优异临床结果的重要保障。

Rehabilitation medicine is a medical specialty with rehabilitation as the core treatment.With the cross-integration of medicine and engineering technology,rehabilitation medicine has gradually developed a variety of advanced treatment models,which play a positive role in promoting the postoperative functional recovery of patients.In this paper,we reviewed the development process and principles of rehabilitation,summarized the current commonly used knee rehabilitation strategies,and looked forward to the development prospects of virtual reality,artificial intelligence and robot-assisted rehabilitation.The aim is to make the majority of medical workers realize the importance of rehabilitation,make use of the latest rehabilitation concept and technology,and combine the specific clinical situation to develop reasonable and optimized rehabilitation strategy,and improve the prognosis of patients'knee joint function.