某矿区居民混合金属暴露与早期肾功能损害相关性

Correlation analysis of mixed metal exposure and early renal function impairment indicators in a mining area

为揭示某矿区居民镉、铜、锰、钼、铬、铝、钴、钒、铅、砷、锌、镍12种金属暴露现状,进而分析混合金属暴露与早期肾功能损害指标尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)之间的关联,按照分层整群抽样选取矿区636名居民为研究对象,使用ICP-MS检测研究对象尿金属浓度,分别使用胶乳免疫比浊法和比色法测定研究对象尿β2-MG和NAG水平,然后并使用加权量化和回(WQS回归)模型评估混合金属暴露对尿β2-MG和NAG的综合效应与单个金属的权重.结果显示,尿液金属水平分布差异较大的是镉、钼、铜、铝、锌、钒;尿β2-MG分布范围为0.19(0.14,0.29)mg/L;尿NAG分布范围在7.00(3.30,11.90)U/L;WQS回归结果显示金属WQS指数与尿β2-MG异常风险增加、尿NAG异常风险降低有关.使尿β2-MG异常风险增加的金属WQS指数权重最高的是铜(0.493)、铬(0.120)、镉(0.116),不同年龄组中权重相对较高的金属包括钼、锰、锌(<60岁组);铜、镉、钼(≥60岁组).使尿NAG异常风险降低的金属WQS指数权重最高的是锌(0.328)、钼(0.167)、铬(0.144)、镍(0.138)、锰(0.108),不同年龄组中权重相对较高的金属包括铝、钼、锌(<60岁组);钴、铬、钼(≥60岁组).因此,该矿区人群尿镉、钼、铜、铝、锌、钒水平分布在中等偏上范围,暴露于混合金属与尿β2-MG异常风险增加和尿NAG异常风险降低之间存在关联,引起β2-MG异常权重较高金属有铜、铬、镉,减少NAG异常权重较高金属有锌、钼、铬、镍、锰.

In order to reveal the current status of cadmium,copper,manganese,molybdenum,chromium,aluminum,cobalt,vanadium,lead,arsenic,zinc,and nickel exposure in a mining area,and to analyze the association between mixed metal exposure and urinaryβ2-microglobulin(β2-MG)and N-acetyl-β-D-aminoglucosidase(NAG),which are indicators of early renal impairment,636residents of the mining area were selected according to stratified whole-group sampling,and urinary β2-MG and NAG levels were measured by ICP-MS.The urinary metal concentrations were measured by ICP-MS,and the urinary β2-MG and NAG levels were determined by latex immunoturbidimetric and colorimetric methods,respectively.The combined effect of mixed metal exposure on urinary β2-MG and NAG was then evaluated using a weighted quantile and regression(WQS regression)model with the weights of individual metals.The results showed that the distribution of urinary metal levels varied widely for cadmium,molybdenum,copper,aluminum,zinc,and vanadium;the distribution of urinary β2-MG ranged from 0.19(0.14,0.29)mg/L;the distribution of urinary NAG ranged from 7.00(3.30,11.90)U/L;the WQS regression results showed that the metal WQS index was associated with an increased risk of abnormal urinary β2-MG and an abnormal risk of abnormal urinary NAG reduced risk of urinary NAG abnormalities.The metals with the highest WQS index weights that increased the risk of urinary β2-MG abnormalities were copper 0.493,chromium 0.120,and cadmium 0.116.The metals with relatively high weights in different age groups included molybdenum,manganese,and zinc(<60years old group);and copper,cadmium,and molybdenum(≥60years old group).The metals with the highest WQS index weights to reduce the risk of urinary NAG abnormalities were zinc 0.328,molybdenum 0.167,chromium 0.144,nickel 0.138,and manganese 0.108.The metals with relatively high weights in different age groups included aluminum,molybdenum,and zinc(<60years group);and cobalt,chromium,and molybdenum(≥60years group).Therefore,the distribution of urinary cadmium,molybdenum,copper,aluminum,zinc,and vanadium levels in this mining population was in the middle to upper range.There was an association between exposure to mixed metals and increased risk of urinary β2-MG abnormalities and decreased risk of urinary NAG abnormalities.The metals causing higher weights of β2-MG abnormalities were copper,chromium,and cadmium,and the metals reducing higher weights of NAG abnormalities were zinc,molybdenum,chromium,nickel,and manganese.