中美技术性贸易壁垒对中国科技产业的影响及应对策略

The Influence of Sino-US Technical Barriers to Trade on Chinas Science and Technology Industry and the Countermeasures

技术性贸易壁垒是当前国际贸易摩擦的常见形式,增加了中美科技的竞争性,对中国的科技产业发展和人才培养产生了深远影响。文章将“中美技术性贸易壁垒”视为影响我国科技发展的潜在因素,结合GTAP模型,预测并深入分析这一长期趋势对中国科技创新、产业发展和人才集聚的影响。研究结果显示,中美技术性贸易壁垒对以电子信息和高端制造业为代表的中国高新技术产业的出口、就业、创新均造成了负面影响。考虑到中美技术性贸易壁垒对科技领域影响的复杂性和长期性,我国应系统审视和谋划国家创新体系和高等教育体系建设。在技术性贸易壁垒的应对、人才战略、开放战略和国际合作的区位选择上,实施更精准的改革和创新,提升国家创新体系的整体效能和高等教育服务经济高质量发展的能力。

Technical barriers to trade are a common form of international trade friction at present,which increases the competition between China and the United States in science and technology,and has a profound impact on the development of China’s science and technology industry and the training of talents.This paper regards Sino-US technical barriers to trade as a potential factor which is affecting China’s science and technology development,and combines the GTAP model to forecast and deeply analyze the influence of this long-term trend on China’s sci-ence and technology innovation,industrial development,and talent aggregation.The results show that the technical barriers to trade have a negative impact on the export,employment and innovation of China’s high-tech industries represented by electronic information and high-end manufacturing.Considering the complexity and long-term im-pact of Sino-US technical barriers to trade on science and technology,China should systematically review and plan the construction of national innovation system and higher education system.More precise reform and innovation will be implemented to improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation system and the ability of higher educa-tion to serve high-quality economic development,in response to technical barriers to trade,and in terms of talent strategy,opening strategy and location selection of international cooperation.