西沙群岛10种鹦嘴鱼鱼体形态学研究

A morphological study on ten parrotfish species from Xisha Islands,China

为探究鹦嘴鱼鱼体形态的主要种间差异及其在物种鉴别中的重要作用,于2019—2022年在西沙群岛海域采集到10种鹦嘴鱼,选取24个形态学性状对其进行测量,采用多元分析方法对鹦嘴鱼物种进行形态差异判别分析。单因素方差分析结果表明,鹦嘴鱼种间所有形态学指标均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);主成分分析提取了7个特征值大于1的形态学指标,累积方差贡献率为66.86%,各物种间的形态差异主要表现在反映食性和游泳能力的特征上;采用判别分析方法对所有鹦嘴鱼样本进行判别,综合判别率为81.1%;10种鹦嘴鱼的形态学聚类结果与鱼类分类结果一致,与已有研究的进化树结果差异显著,说明鹦嘴鱼的表型特征除了受遗传因素控制外,也会受环境因素影响。

In order to investigate the main differences in the fish body morphology of parrotfish among their species and their important role in species identification,we had collected ten parrotfish species in the Xisha Islands waters from 2019—2022,and selected 24 morphological traits for measurements.Then we used multivariate analyses to discriminate the morphological differences among those species.One-way ANOVA results show significant differences among parrotfish species for all morphological indicators(P<0.05).Seven morphological indicators with eigenvalues greater than 1 had been extracted.The cumulative variance contribution was 66.86%,and the morphological differences among species mainly lay in the characteristics reflecting feeding and swimming abilities.Discriminant analysis was used to discriminate those samples,and the combined discrimination rate was 81.1%.The morphological clustering results of the ten parrotfish species were consistent with those of fish classification but differred significantly from those of evolutionary tree in previous study,which indicates that the phenotypic characteristics of parrotfish can be influenced by environmental factors in addition to genetic control.