鲜食葡萄电商悬固包装薄膜的力学性能分析与优化设计研究

Analysis and Optimization Design of Mechanical Properties for E-commerce Suspension Packaging Film of Table Grape

目的针对电商物流包装存在操作繁琐、透气透湿不足、寄递中暴力分拣的问题以及葡萄易落粒损伤的特点,设计一种针对鲜食葡萄的透气透湿性适宜的简便化包装。方法采用激光打孔调整TPU薄膜透气透湿性,通过力学性能测试选出适宜厚度与孔隙排列方式,根据跌落试验确认TPU薄膜包裹葡萄的最佳凹陷程度,并验证悬固包装的有效性。结果厚度为0.08 mm、孔隙排列方式为Z形的TPU薄膜有优良的力学性能与透气透湿性,打孔后薄膜水蒸气透过率极显著提高(P<0.01),并且0.08 mm的Z形TPU薄膜凹陷3 cm的悬固包装在610 mm的高度跌落不触底,对葡萄的保护效果良好。纸浆模塑盒可承受400 N以上的力,循环压缩20次后仍有很好的支撑性,通过跌落测试可得悬固包装葡萄的表面损伤指数比袋中袋更小。结论综合来看,该悬固包装操作方便,打孔后透气透湿性显著提高,与包装箱匹配使用能满足堆码与运输要求,是一种符合包装运输要求的鲜食葡萄电商包装方式,本研究为果蔬类产品的电商包装结构设计提供了新思路。

In response to the complicated operation,insufficient air and moisture permeability,violent sorting during delivery and the characteristics that grapes are easy to fall and be damaged,the work aims to propose a simplified packaging with appropriate air and moisture permeability for the table grape.Laser drilling was used to adjust the air and moisture permeability of TPU film and mechanical test was adopted to select the thickness and pore arrangement.The depression degree of TPU film wrapping grapes was confirmed by drop experiment,and the effectiveness of suspension packaging was verified.TPU film with a thickness of 0.08 mm and a Z-shaped pore arrangement had excellent mechanical properties and air and moisture permeability.Drilling considerably increased the water vapor transmittance(P<0.01)of the film.Furthermore,when dropped from 610 mm,the suspension packaging of the 0.08 mm Z-shaped TPU film with 3 cm depression did not contact the bottom,providing excellent protection.The pulp molded box could sustain a force over 400 N and still provided support after 20 compression cycles.Drop test revealed that the surface damage of grapes in suspension packaging was lower than that in bag.Overall,the suspension packaging is simple to use,with the air and moisture permeability greatly improved after laser drilling,which can meet the criteria of stacking and transportation and is an appropriate e-commerce logistics packaging method for table grapes that meets the packaging and transportation requirements.This study provides new ideas for the structural design of e-commerce packaging for fruit and vegetable products.