论动产抵押权的追及效力——解读《民法典》第406条

On the retroactive effect of chattel mortgage rights——interpretation of Article 406 of the Civil Code

《中华人民共和国民法典》第406条规定了抵押人可以任意转让抵押财产,不需要经过抵押权人的事先同意,并可通过设立抵押权追及效力来保障抵押权人的利益。这种制度设计较好地平衡了抵押人、抵押权人和受让人的利益。但是,动产抵押有别于不动产抵押的特殊性,导致了实践中动产抵押权追及效力的实现困境,影响抵押权人的利益。动产抵押如何在实现物尽其用、促进交易的基础上,更好地平衡各方利益、保障抵押权追及效力的实现,是一个亟需解决的现实问题。在立法和司法实践中,应当继续探索及完善动产抵押的相关法律制度。

Article 406 of“the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China”stipulates that the mortgagor can transfer the mortgaged property at will without the prior consent of the mortgagee,and can protect the interests of the mortgagee by establishing the retroactive effect of the mortgage right.This design of the system better balances the interests of the mortgagor,mortgagee and transferee.However,the particularity of chattel mortgages is different from that of real estate mortgages,which leads to difficulties in realizing the retroactive effect of chattel mortgage rights in practice and affects the interests of the mortgagee.It is a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently that how chattel mortgage can better balance the interests of all parties and ensure the realization of the retroactive effect of mortgage rights on the basis of realizing the best use of the property and promoting transactions.In legislation and judicial practice,the relevant legal system for chattel mortgages should continue to be explored and improved.