供销合作社制度改革初期的探索与逻辑(1978—1982)

Exploration and Logic of the Initial Reform of Supply and Marketing Cooperative System(1978-1982)

近年来,全国各地再次兴起供销合作社,其学术价值与现实意义愈受关注。在改革开放初期,供销合作社的主要改革措施涵盖实行议购议销、讨论更换所有制性质和扩大基层社与企业自主权等。其制度改革逻辑应从历史过程中加以提炼,并结合史料与案例进行分析。供销合作社的改革与计划经济向市场经济转轨的重大时代背景紧密联系,其制度改革过程可以透射改革开放初期地方实践与政策制定的双向互动关系:在上层容许的前提下,地方实践并不完全依据政策制定的结果而后展开,政策制定往往是对实践中已生成的现象提供正当性肯定,并为进一步推动改革实践解决顾虑,即以实践促改革。

In recent years,supply and marketing cooperatives have risen again all over the country,and their academic value and practical significance have attracted more and more attention.In the early stage of reform and opening up,the main reform measures of supply and marketing cooperatives included the implementation of negotiating purchase and sales,the discussion of changing the nature of ownership and the expansion of the autonomy of grass-roots cooperatives and enterprises.The logic of its system reform should be refined from the historical process and analyzed with historical materials and cases.The reform of supply and marketing cooperatives is closely related to the great background of the transition from planned economy to market economy,and the two-way interactive relationship between local practice and policy making in the early stage of reform and opening up can be inferred from its institutional reform process:under the premise of upper permission,local practice is not completely carried out according to the results of policy making,and policy making often provides legitimacy affirmation for the phenomena generated in practice and solves doubts for further promoting reform practice.That is,to promote reform through practice.