厨余垃圾厌氧发酵制备乙酸技术及应用进展

Review on Acetic Acid Preparation and Application By Anaerobic Fermentation of Kitchen Waste

我国垃圾分类全面实施后厨余垃圾产量骤增,目前采用主流的厌氧消化工艺因沼气利用率低、产品附加值低、沼液处理成本高等问题导致项目经济效益不佳,厨余垃级资源化利用技术亟需升级。有机物厌氧发酵制备的有机酸工业用途广泛,其中乙酸是医药、化工等行业的基础原料或者重要中间体,近年来由于能源危机、原材料稀缺以及环境问题促使生物基乙酸需求量日益增加,厨余垃圾发酵制备乙酸为有机固废高值化利用和能源绿色低碳转型提供新出路。通过梳理厨余垃圾厌氧发酵产乙酸过程及其生物代谢机制,阐述不同参数条件对乙酸产量的影响,分析探索提高乙酸产量的方法,为厨余垃圾厌氧产乙酸实际工程应用推广提供参考。

The production of kitchen waste has increased rapidly with the implementation of garbage classification in China.However,the low utilization rate of biogas,low added value of products and high cost of biogas slurry treatment led to poor economic benefits of the mainstream anaerobic digestion project,which promoted the utilization technology of kitchen waste to be upgraded.Organic acids prepared in the anaerobic fermentation of organic matter are widely used,among which acetic acid can be used as basic raw material in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.In recent years,the demand of biobased acetic acid is increasing,due to energy crisis,raw material scarcity and environmental problems.Acetic acid prepared by fermentation of kitchen waste might provide a new way for high-value utilization of organic solid waste and low-carbon energy transformation.In this paper,the biological metabolic mechanism,the influences of different parameters and the reinforcement strategies of acetic acid production in organic waste anaerobic fermentation treatment were expounded,so as to provide references for the practical engineering application of anaerobic acetic acid production of kitchen waste.