多层建筑墙体保温材料火灾蔓延规律模拟研究

Simulation study on fire spread of wall insulation material of multi-storey building

为探究保温材料对火灾蔓延的影响,采用FDS数值模拟软件,建立了附外墙保温材料无喷淋系统、无外墙保温材料无喷淋系统、附外墙保温材料有喷淋系统三种工况下4层职工宿舍火灾动力学模型,分析了温度、CO浓度、烟气层高、能见度四种指标对多层建筑火灾烟火蔓延规律的影响。结果表明:有无保温材料二者整体燃烧趋势大致相同,但保温材料的存在使得建筑火灾快速进入立式燃烧阶段,外墙燃烧温度及火势蔓延程度均增高。温度和能见度两种指标达到危险临界值的时间分别为33 s和36 s,远小于另两种指标。保温层一定程度上会加剧火势蔓延,但对烟气蔓延及能见度影响较小,研究结果为后续保温材料对火势蔓延的影响提供了理论参考。

In order to explore the influence of thermal insulation materials on fire spread,the FDS numerical simulation software was used to establish the fire dynamics model of the four-floor staff dormitory under three working conditions:no spraying system attached to external wall thermal insulation materials,no spraying system attached to external wall thermal insulation materials,and spraying system attached to external wall thermal insulation materials.The effects of temperature,CO concentration,smoke height and visibility on the spread of pyrotechnics in multi-storey buildings were analyzed.The results show that the overall combustion trend is roughly the same for the cases with or without thermal insulation materials.However,the existence of thermal insulation materials makes the building fire quickly enter the vertical combustion stage,and the combustion temperature of the external wall and the spread degree of the fire increase.The time for temperature and visibility to reach the critical value of danger is 33 s and 36 s,respectively,much less than the other two indexes.The insulation layer will aggravate the fire spread to a certain extent but has little impact on the smoke spread and visibility.The research results provide a theoretical reference for the subsequent impact of insulation materials on the fire spread.