资源性质如何影响村级治理

How Resource Nature Affects Village-level Governance

由村庄集体来供给农村公共物品,就是“村社-农户”的短循环,这与“国家-农户”的长循环是完全不同的。“村社-农户”的短循环可以精准表达出农民对公共物品的需求偏好,可以采用最符合村庄实际的公共物品供给方案,可以最大限度调动农户参与村庄公共事业的积极性。“村社-农户”短循环必然要以民主为前提,村民自治是最好的载体,党建引领基础上的群众工作是村级治理的核心内容。一旦农户可以组织动员起来形成一个有活力、有主体性的基层社会,这个基层社会就可以与国家相配合。将部分国家资源划拨到村社集体,按照集体体制使用国家划拨到村社的资源,将国家资源变成集体资源,国家不再只是代替农民为他们做好事,国家资源下乡也就不再是慈善事业,而是通过资源下乡激活村社集体经济,动员村民参与到建设自己美好生活的事业中来。只有基层群众建立了对自己生活负责的体制,他们才能有主动性、有主体性,这样的治理才能更有效,这样的建设才可持续。

There are two ways to supply rural public goods construction at present,one is led by the village collective,that is,the short cycle of“village community-farmers”;The other is from the state to farmers,that is,the long cycle of“state-farmers”.The two modes of supply are completely different.The former can accurately express the public goods demand preferences of farmers,and can adopt the most practical public goods construction program in the village.In practice,the way of supply by the village can maximize the mobilization of farmers'concern for village public utilities.The short cycle of“village community-peasant household”must be based on democracy,and villager autonomy is the best carrier.The mass work based on the leadership of Party building is the core content of village-level governance.Once farmers can be organized and mobilized,they can form a dynamic and subjective grassroots society,which can match the strong state.By transferring part of the national resources to the village community,and then using these resources through the collective system,the national resources can be transformed into the collective system,and the collective will become an indispensable intermediate mechanism.State is not the main body,farmers are the real main body.State did not replace farmers,state's transfer of resources to rural areas is no longer just charity,but through the resources to the countryside to activate the village community collective,mobilize the villagers to participate in their own construction of their own good life.Only when the grassroots can establish a system in which the people are responsible for their own lives can they have initiative and subjectivity,and such governance can be more effective and sustainable.