论庄周对古代帝王的引述和利用

An Analysis of Zhuang Zhou’s Interpretation and Reuse of Ancient Emperors

在“托古”的潮流中,儒墨众人皆大谈先王以寄其社会理想,庄周却以彻底的反对者面貌出现,他刻意虚构众多远古帝王,用“谬悠之说”“荒唐之言”“无端崖之辞”戏说三皇五帝等圣王,随心所欲地建构寓言故事。因“天下沉浊,不可与庄语”,庄周便以“滑稽乱俗”的言说方式批判儒墨。这样的思想变革实则源于时代变革,先前儒墨所塑造的圣王世系并未能为重塑社会秩序带来太多现实意义,旧有的价值体系被重新探讨,庄周则将怀疑的情绪推向极端,即对儒墨所构建的帝王世系进行彻底地否定。

In the trend of"Tuogu",confucianists and mohists put their social ideals on the deities,but Zhuang Zhou appeared as a thorough opponent.He deliberately fabricated many ancient emperors,used the"false and absurd words"to ridiculed three emperors and five sovereigns and other emperors,and created fables at well.The world was troubled and cannot be spoken with serious languages,thus Zhuang Zhou criticized the Confucian and the Mohism in a"funny and humoristic"way of speaking.Such idealistic changes actually stemmed from the changes of the times,the previous emperors system constructed by the Confucian and the Mohism did not bring much practical significance to the reshaping of the social order.The former value system was discussed again.Zhuang Zhou pushed the skepticism to the extreme,that is,the complete negation of the emperors system constructed by the Confucian and the Mohism.