中国食品安全风险治理政策工具治理效能评估研究

Evaluation on Governance Effectiveness of Policy Instruments for Food Safety Risk Governance in China

文章立足政府、市场、社会共治中国食品安全风险的时代要求,认为中国食品安全风险治理历程政策工具基本形成强制型、引导型、自愿型三类工具相互组合的基本格局。采用国际惯常政策工具分类的概念模型,选取2006—2019年中国政府食品安全风险治理所实施的政策工具数量的时间序列数据,通过构建GRA—VAR模型,综合评估了食品安全风险治理政策工具的治理效能。研究发现:强制型、引导型、自愿型三类工具与食品安全风险总值的平均灰色关联度分别为0.807、0.779、0.771;食品技术标准、政策宣传、投诉举报分别是9项强制型、12项引导型、4项自愿型政策工具中与食品安全风险总值灰色关联度最高的3项细分工具,关联度在全部25项细分政策工具类型中分别位列第4位、第1位、第2位。总体而言,强制型工具治理效能显著,而引导型和自愿型工具尚未发挥应有的治理效能。据此,需要深化改革与完善政策工具体系,提高政策工具的科学性、靶向性等。

In China,food safety risks are co-governed by the government,market,and society,and the policy instruments for food safety risk governance have formed a basic pattern featuring a combination of compulsory,advisory and voluntary instruments.With the conceptual model of international classifica-tion for policy instruments,this paper selected the time series data of the number of policy instruments adopted by the Chinese government for food safety risk governance from 2006 to 2019 and comprehen-sively evaluated the governance effectiveness of policy instruments for food safety risk governance by constructing the GRA-VAR model.The results showed that the average grey relational degree of compul-sory,advisory and voluntary instruments toward the total value of food safety risk is 0.807,0.779 and 0.771 respectively.Food technical standards,policy publicity,as well as grievance and complaint are the top 3 specific instruments with the highest gray relational degree toward total value of food safety risk among the 9 compulsory,12 advisory and 4 voluntary policy instruments respectively,and they rank the fourth,first,and second respectively among all 25 specific policy instruments.Overall,the governance effectiveness of compulsory instruments is significant,while that of advisory and voluntary instruments have not yet showed their due governance effectiveness.Based on these findings,this paper puts forward suggestions for deepening reforms and improving the policy instrument system to make the policy instru-ments more science-based and targeted.