大血管闭塞性脑卒中急救预测量表研究进展

First-aid prediction scale for large vessel occlusion stroke:research progress

脑卒中是我国患者死亡的首要原因,其中大血管闭塞性脑卒中是病死率、致残率最高的缺血性脑卒中类型。指南推荐应尽早开展静脉溶栓、桥接治疗或血管内治疗以挽救缺血的脑组织。因此,及早识别大血管闭塞性脑卒中对院前急救及转诊至关重要。目前已研发出众多院前预测大血管闭塞性脑卒中的评估工具,如PAST量表、ELVO量表、CPSSS、EMSA量表、LARIO量表等。本文对近几年研发的用于院前预测大血管闭塞性脑卒中的评估工具及其预测效能进行综述,以更好地应用于临床实践。

Stroke is the leading cause of death in China,and large vessel occlusion(LVO)stroke is the type of ischemic stroke with the highest mortality and disability rate.Clinical guidelines recommend early interventions through intravenous thrombolysis,bridging therapy,or endovascular treatment to salvage ischemic brain tissue.Therefore,early identification of LVO stroke is of vital importance for prehospital emergency and referrals.Currently,numerous assessment tools for predicting LVO stroke have been developed,such as the prehospital acute stroke triage(PAST)scale,emergent large vessel occlusion screen(ELVO)scale,Cincinnati prehospital stroke severity scale(CPSSS),emergency medical stroke assessment(EMSA)scale and large artery intracranial occlusion stroke(LARIO)scale.This article focuses on the content and prediction efficiency of these assessment tools developed in recent years for prehospital prediction of LVO stroke,aiming to facilitate their applications in clinical practice.