HFACS-MI改进模型在危险化学品仓储事故人因分析中的应用

Application of HFACS-MI improved model in human factor analysis of hazardous chemicals storage accidents

为了研究危险化学品仓储事故的关键人因,通过人因分析与分类系统-煤矿(Human Factors Analysis and Classification System-Mine,HFACS-MI)改进模型从员工的不安全行为、影响不安全行为的前提条件、监督行为、组织影响和企业外部因素5个层次系统地分析65起危险化学品仓储事故,并运用卡方检验和让步比分析了产生不安全行为的原因和各层次间的内在关系。结果表明,外部管理、组织过程、监督不充分、个人因素、技能差错和违规是导致危险化学品仓储事故发生的重要因素。HFACS-MI改进模型上下层级的人为因素间存在显著的因果关系,且主要的危险化学品仓储事故致因路径共有5条,其中“外部管理因素—组织过程漏洞—监督不充分—个人因素—违规”是最关键的致因路径。改进的HFACS-MI模型可以有效分析危险化学品仓储事故人因因素。

This article aims to apply Human Factors Analysis and Classification System-Mine(HFACS-MI)improved model to the analysis of hazardous chemical storage accidents.By systematically analyzing 65 typical reports of hazardous chemical storage accidents,a HFACS-MI improved model tailored to human factors of hazardous chemical storage accidents is constructed.The model includes five levels of external factors,organizational factors,unsafe supervision,prerequisites for unsafe behavior,and unsafe behavior,as well as 16 causal factors.Chi-square test and odds ratio are used to analyze the relationship between various levels of the model.The results indicate that external management,organizational processes,inadequate supervision,personal factors,skill errors,and violations are important factors leading to hazardous chemical storage accidents;There is a significant causal relationship between human factors at the upper and lower levels of the HFACS-MI model,such as external management factors in Level 1 and organizational process vulnerabilities in Level 2(R O=6.669),organizational process vulnerabilities and insufficient supervision in Level 3(R O=4.397),insufficient supervision and individual human factors in Level 4(R O=5.376),and personal factors and violations in Level 3(R O=6.858).There are five main Causative pathways of hazardous chemical storage accidents,of which"external management factors-organizational process-loopholes inadequate supervision-personal factors-violations"is the most.The main manifestations and causes of human factors in the critical path of statistics,among which the main problem of external management factors lies in inadequate supervision by regulatory authorities;The imperfect security management system is the main reason for the formation of organizational process loopholes;Lack of supervision or insufficient supervision is the main reason for insufficient supervision;The main manifestations of personal factors are unfavorable mental states such as lack of concentration and fatigue,as well as weak safety awareness;Failure to conduct a risk assessment of equipment or processes before work is the most frequent violation.It can be seen that applying the HFACS-MI improved model to the analysis of hazardous chemical storage accidents is effective and can uncover the main causes of human errors in accidents.