特种设备风险控制管理模型研究

Study on risk control and management model for special equipment

为提高特种设备安全管理的效率,实现特种设备管理资源的高效配置,提高特种设备企业的安全管理水平,首先,建立特种设备的三级风险评价指标体系;其次,基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)计算各级风险评价指标的权重,进而建立三级风险评价模型;最后,结合分类预警及协同治理2个环节,构建了特种设备风险控制管理模型,并运用所建模型剖析具体案例。研究表明,特种设备风险控制管理模型可为开展特种设备安全管理工作提供重要的数据支持和技术方法,具有一定的科学性和有效性。

Special equipment is a high-risk socio-technical system.With the continuous development of new equipment and technology,the urgency of further in-depth research on optimizing the theory of special equipment safety and its application to special equipment safety work has been constantly growing.To improve the efficiency of special equipment safety management,obtain the efficient allocation of special equipment management resources,and improve the safety management level of special equipment enterprises,a risk control management model suitable for special equipment is constructed in this paper.The model consists of four aspects:risk identification,risk evaluation,graded early warning,and collaborative governance.Firstly,the three-level risk evaluation index system of special equipment is established,combined with fault tree analysis and expert experience method.Secondly,according to the Delphi method,the score value and the weights of risk evaluation indexes at all levels are calculated based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).And combined with the weights,the construction of a three-level risk evaluation model is completed.Thirdly,the standard for risk classification and the corresponding warning standard are built.Then,the subjects of collaborative governance and the governance strategy are determined.This model obtains the risk evaluation for the individual device,categories,and regions.It also provides a new method for risk classification management.Finally,considering enterprise A in Changsha as an example,we apply the model to it.The results show that the special equipment risk control and management model can reflect its dynamic risk change.Moreover,implementing the risk management strategy can reduce the risk level effectively.This paper provides a feasible way for the risk control and management of special equipment,which can also provide essential data support and technical methods for the inspection and testing of special equipment with a certain degree of scientific and effectiveness.