生物质基材料对水中金属离子的检测和吸附研究进展

Research progress on detection and adsorption of metal ions in water by biomass-based materials

随着经济的快速增长,水中重金属离子污染对人类生活以及工业生产产生了严重影响。生物质基材料是一种环境友好型材料,具有产量高、可再生和官能团丰富等优势。对生物质材料进行物理、化学修饰可获得一系列集检测和吸附于一体的双功能型生物质材料,且在废水重金属的检测和处理中具有广阔的应用前景。通过阐述近年来多个学者以纤维素、壳聚糖和海藻酸钠等生物质材料为基材合成双功能型荧光材料以及对水中重金属离子的检测和吸附应用的研究,分析相关的检测和吸附机理,进而对集检测和吸附一体化的双功能型生物质基荧光材料目前存在的问题以及未来研究方向进行总结和展望。

With the rapid economic growth,heavy metal ion pollution in water shows a serious impact on industrial production and human life.Biomass-based materials,as environmentally friendly materials,are widely used for the removal of various owing to their high yield,renewable,and abundant functional groups.However,most biomass-based adsorbents show a single adsorption function,which greatly limits their application in water.It is found that the fluorescence detection method can be used for the rapid capture and determination of metal ions in water because of its simplicity,high sensitivity,and strong selectivity.Recently,a series of bifunctional biomass materials integrating detection and adsorption can be obtained by physical and chemical modification of biomass materials,which have a broad application prospect in the treatment of wastewater pollutants.In this review,the development and preparation of cellulose,chitosan,and sodium alginate-based bifunctional fluorescent green materials by several researchers in recent years,as well as the applications for the detection and adsorption pollutants in water,are reviewed,and the related detection and adsorption mechanisms are analyzed.It is found that the excellent adsorption properties of bifunctional fluorescent sensors are related to the abundant functional group and pore structure of biomass materials.The fluorescence properties of bifunctional fluorescent sensors were associated with the different fluorescent probes.Based on the above properties,various bifunctional biomass materials can be prepared by doping different fluorescent probes for the detection and adsorption of different metal ions.Furthermore,these bifunctional fluorescent sensors prepared with biomass as raw materials can not only avoid the secondary pollution problem of the environment caused by fluorescent probes but also greatly reduce the cost of synthetic fluorescent sensors.Finally,the current problems and future research directions of bifunctional biomass-based fluorescent materials integrating detection and adsorption are summarized and prospected.