铜铬合金熔覆层的制备及其特性研究

Study on the Preparation and Characteristics of Copper-Chromium Alloy Cladding Layer

本研究探索在铜基体上利用激光熔覆技术制备防护层的可行性。利用高功率光纤激光器在纯铜表面制备Cr含量分别为20%和40%的CuCr(20)、CuCr(40)铜基合金熔覆层,并分析了熔覆层的物相、显微结构和元素分布,测量了其截面显微硬度和电导率的变化,测试了两种熔覆层的耐磨性并与纯铜的耐磨性进行了比较。实验结果表明,熔覆层组织分布均匀,晶粒细小,未发生元素的比重偏析;熔覆层硬度大幅提升,CuCr(20)熔覆层平均硬度为155.8 HV,可达到基体的2.2倍,CuCr(40)熔覆层硬度平均值为254.4 HV,可达到基体的3.6倍,熔覆层电导率较纯铜发生下降,但耐磨性显著提升,CuCr(40)熔覆层的耐磨性高于CuCr(20)熔覆层,可达到纯铜的3倍。实验证明,在纯铜表面制备激光熔覆层可达到防护效果。

In order to protect the power equipment and improve the surface strength of the material,this study explores the feasibility of preparing a protective layer on the copper substrate using laser cladding technology.The phase,microstructure and element distribution of the cladding layer were analyzed,and the changes in the microhardness of the cross-section and electrical conductivity were measured.The wear resistance of the two cladding layers was tested and compared with the wear resistance of pure copper.The experimental results show that the cladding layer has uniform structure distribution,fine grains,and no element segregation.The hardness of the cladding layer is greatly increased,and the average hardness of the CuCr(20)cladding layer is 155.8 HV,which can reach 2.2 times that of the matrix.The average hardness of CuCr(40)cladding layer is 254.4 HV,which can reach 3.6 times that of the matrix.The conductivity of the cladding layer is lower than that of pure copper,but the wear resistance is significantly improved.The wear resistance of the CuCr(40)cladding layer is higher than that of the CuCr(20)cladding laye and reach 3 times that of pure copper.Experiments proved that the protective effect can be achieved by preparing a laser cladding layer on the surface of pure copper.