医学专科生孤独感、应对方式和社会支持现状及其关系研究

Study on Loneliness,Coping Style and Social Support of Medical College Students and Inner Relationship

目的:了解医学专科生孤独感、应对方式和社会支持现状及其关系,为开展心理健康教育、心理疏导提供理论依据。方法:在知情的情况下,采用UCLA孤独量表、应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表对贵州某医高专1430名学生进行问卷调查;采用t检验、χ^(2)检验和多元逐步回归分析对调查数据进行统计学处理。结果:医学专科生孤独感总分为(44.303±7.805),低、中、高度孤独感所占比例分别为27.06%、69.93%和3.01%;孤独感存在性别和年级差异(P<0.01);孤独感与解决问题、求助和社会支持各维度呈负相关(P<0.01),与自责、幻想、退避和合理化呈正相关(P<0.01);多元逐步回归分析结果显示:自责、求助、退避、社会支持以及性别、家庭人均收入、善于交际、专业兴趣、环境适应程度和远离父母等是影响孤独感的主要因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:医学专科生的孤独感处于中等水平,家庭、学校和社会应给予更多的社会支持,引导其积极应对生活事件,消除孤独情绪体验。

Objective:To understand the current status and relationships of loneliness,coping styles,and social support among medical students,with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation for the development of mental health education and psychological counseling.Methods:A survey was conducted among 1,430 students from a medical college in Guizhou,using the UCLA Loneliness Scale,Coping Style Question-naire,and Social Support Rating Scale.The data were subjected to statistical analysis using t-tests,χ^(2) tests,and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:The mean loneliness score among medical students was(44.303±7.805),with 27.06%experiencing low loneliness,69.93%experiencing moderate loneliness,and 3.01%experiencing high loneliness.Significant gender and grade differences in loneliness were observed(P<0.01).Loneliness was negatively correlated with dimensions such as problem-solving,seeking help,and social support(P<0.01),while positively correlated with self-blame,fantasy,avoidance,and rationalization(P<0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that self-blame,seeking help,avoidance,social support,as well as factors such as gender,per capita family income,communication skills,professional interest,environmental adaptability,and distance from parents,were major factors affecting loneliness(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:The level of loneliness among medical students is moderate.Family,school,and society should provide more social support to guide them in actively coping with life events and eliminating feelings of loneliness.