拮抗菌防治葡萄采后病害研究进展

Research Progress on Antagonistic Antimicrobial Prevention and Control of Grape Postharvest Diseases

在葡萄采摘后的贮存和运输过程中,病害普遍发生,主要包括灰霉病、葡萄曲霉腐烂病、根霉腐烂病、青霉病等,严重影响其生产和商品价值。目前葡萄采后病害控制仍依靠化学防治,化学杀菌剂的长期施用可导致农药残留、环境污染、损害人体健康,并增强病原菌的抗药性。采用拮抗菌控制葡萄采后病害是替代化学杀菌剂的一种绿色、环保且安全的防治方法,本文主要介绍了葡萄采后侵染性病害及症状、拮抗菌的来源及应用现状、作用机制及联合其他方法结合使用增强生防效果等内容,并对拮抗菌防治葡萄采后病害进行了展望。

During the storage and transportation of grapes after picking,diseases occurs generally,including gray mold,aspergillus rot,rhizopus rot,penicillium rot,etc.,which seriously affect its production and commodity value.At present,the control of postharvest diseases of grape still depends on chemical control.Long-term application of chemical fungicides can lead to pesticide residues,environmental pollution,harm to human health,and enhance the drug resistance of pathogenic fungal.Using antagonistic bacteria to control postharvest diseases of grape is a green,environmental and safe method instead of chemical fungicides.In this paper,the postharvest infection diseases and symptoms of grape,the source,application effect and their mechanism of action of antagonistic bacteria,the combination of antagonists with other methods to enhance the biocontrol effect are introduced.The prospect of controlling postharvest diseases of grape by antagonistic bacteria is also discussed.