AI换脸技术的应用风险及法律规制

Application Risk and Legal Regulation of AI Face-Changing Technology

AI换脸源于深度伪造技术,涉及大量人脸信息,兼具数据属性。AI换脸的逼真度高、操作门槛低,获得了广泛的应用。但是该技术的滥用导致了较高的著作权、人格权等私权利侵犯风险、信息安全风险和犯罪防控风险。目前域外对AI换脸技术的法律规制主要存在分散式立法规制和统一立法规制两种模式。我国尚未建立系统化的规制体系,今后应当从以下方面进行完善:一是明确以区分应用场景前提下的合理使用为基本规制原则;二是构建事前、事中规制体系,明确研发者的技术伦理和制作者的标识义务、声明义务,保障信息主体的知情权和同意权,加强传播平台的内容审查义务;三是构建以数据、算法为核心的监管体制;四是严格民事法律责任追究,加大刑法制裁力度。

AI face-changing is derived from deep forgery technology,which involves a large amount of facial information and has data attributes.AI face-changing has high fidelity and low operating threshold,and has been widely used.However,the abuse of this technology has led to higher risks of infringement of private rights such as copyright and personality rights,information security risks,and crime prevention and control risks.Currently,there are two main models of overseas legal regulation of AI face-changing technology:decentralized legislative regulation and unified legislative regulation.Our country has not yet established a systematic regulatory system.It should be improved from the following aspects in the future:First,it is clear that reasonable use under the premise of distinguishing application scenarios is the basic regulatory principle.Second,it is to build a preevent and in-process regulatory system to clarify the technical ethics of developers.and producers’identification and statement obligations,protect the information subject’s right to know and consent,and strengthen the content review obligations of communication platforms.The third is to build a regulatory system with data and algorithms as the core;the fourth is to strictly pursue civil legal liability and strengthen Strong criminal law sanctions.