明末清初拟话本小说中袭旧诗词的特征及成因

Characteristics and Causes of the Ancient Poems Quoted in the Novels of the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

明末清初的9部代表性拟话本小说掺入了大量的古代诗词,其中诗歌275首、词作82首。拟话本小说中的袭旧诗词,以唐诗、宋词为主,是唐诗、宋词经典化的一种表现;以小众诗词为主,较少选用名家名作;以通俗诗词为主,较少选用典雅含蓄的诗词;大部分诗词带有劝诫意义,承载着作者的教化意图。这些特点的形成,缘于明末清初“轶宋窥唐”的文学主张、通俗诗词受明人追捧及书商青睐、小说对道德劝诫的重视、儒家的“诗教”传统等。

The nine representative novels of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties contain a large number of ancient poems,including 275 poems and 82 Ci.The poems quoted in these novels,mainly Tang poetry and Song Ci,were the classic expression of Tang poetry and Song Ci;They were mainly composed of minority poems,and few famous works were selected.Mainly popular poetry,fewer elegant and implicit poems were chosen;Most of the poems were exhortation,carrying the author’s intention of enlightenment.The formation of these characteristics is due to the literary proposition of“Reaching and surpassing the level of Tang and Song poetry”in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,the popularity of popular poems advocated by Ming people,the favor of booksellers,the emphasis on moral exhortation in novels,and the Confucian tradition of“poetry teaching”.