大麦虫和黄粉虫转化塑料效率对比及饲料配比优化

Comparison of Plastic Conversion Efficiency and Optimization of Feed Ratio Between Zophobas morio and Tenebrio molitor

为探究不同“聚苯乙烯-麦麸”饲料配比下对大麦虫、黄粉虫及两种昆虫混合种群对塑料取食效率、取食后的存活、发育情况,以及降解聚苯乙烯的最佳饲料配比,本实验共设置5个处理Feed1(1∶9),Feed2(3∶7),Feed3(5∶5),CK1(10∶0),CK2(0∶10)。结果表明,大麦虫和黄粉虫的生长性能及聚苯乙烯取食量随着聚苯乙烯含量的升高而降低。混合饲养大麦虫和黄粉虫比单独饲养更有助于降解更多的聚苯乙烯,取食率高达(77.03±3.25)%,但混合饲养中的黄粉虫存活率极低,低至(8.67±2.82)%。单独饲养的黄粉虫存活率较其他饲虫比高,高达(81.33±2.59)%,但其聚苯乙烯取食率最高仅为(28.22±2.96)%,远不及单独饲养的大麦虫。在实验期间,黄粉虫化蛹率最高为(77.67±3.85)%,而大麦虫未出现化蛹现象,大麦虫幼虫的生长周期比黄粉虫幼虫长(幼虫期取食塑料),所以大麦虫对塑料的取食情况较好。而单独饲养的大麦虫,Feed1(1∶9)的存活率和聚苯乙烯的取食率均最高,分别为(44.67±1.81)%、(66.18±2.26)%。综上,单独饲养的大麦虫的Feed1(1∶9)配比较优,既能保证大麦虫的正常生长发育,又能降解较多的聚苯乙烯,可为规模化养殖大麦虫、黄粉虫以及降解塑料提供实验依据。

In order to explore the plastic feeding efficiency,survival and development of Zophobas morio,Tenebrio molitor and their mixed populations under different"polystyro-wheat bran"feed ratios,as well as the optimal feed ratio for degradation of polystyrene,five feed treatments were set in this experiment,Feed1(1∶9),Feed2(3∶7),Feed3(5∶5).CK1(10∶0),CK2(0∶10).The results showed that the growth performance and polystyrene feed intake of two species decreased with the increase of polystyrene content.Mixed populations of Z.morio and T.molitor were more helpful to degrade more polystyrene than population alone,the feeding rate of Z.morio and T.molitor was as high as(77.03±3.25)%,but the survival rate of T.molitor was very low,as low as(8.67±2.82)%.The survival rate of Z.morio reared alone was higher than that of other feeding ratios,which was(81.33±2.59)%,but the highest polystyrene feeding rate of Z.morio reared alone was(28.22±2.96)%,which was far lower than that of Z.morio reared alone.During the experiment,the highest pupation rate of T.molitor was(77.67±3.85)%,while no pupation occurred in Z.morio.The growth period of Z.morio larvae was longer than that of T.molitor larvae(feeding on plastic in the larval stage),Z.morio had a better feeding condition on plastic.However,the survival rate and polystyrene feeding rate of Z.morio fed alone with Feed1(1∶9)were the highest,which were(44.67±1.81)%and(66.18±2.26)%,respectively.In conclusion,Feed1(1∶9)is better for Z.morio reared alone,which could not only ensure their normal growth and development,but also degrade more polystyrene.the research results could provide experimental basis for large-scale breeding of Z.morio,T.molitor and plastic degradation.