服务业综合改革与服务业企业员工配置效率

Comprehensive Reform of Service Sector and Enterprises Staff Allocation Efficiency

服务业体制机制滞后日趋成为影响产业高质量发展的掣肘,但既有研究对如何通过治理制度变革激发服务业新活力的讨论仍较为匮乏。借助中国上市企业匹配数据和双重差分法,考察国家服务业综合改革试点政策对服务业企业员工配置效率的影响。结果表明:服务业综合改革显著提升了服务业企业员工配置效率,且主要基于缩减企业员工冗余来实现。进一步地,服务业综合改革的政策效应在资本技术密集型企业、国有企业、拥有较大员工规模的企业、区域市场化程度低的企业、所处行业垄断程度高的企业、控股股东代理成本较低的企业和管理者短视程度较高的企业样本中更为明显。机制检验发现,服务业综合改革能通过缓解企业融资约束的润灌效应、促进技术进步的升级效应以及增强劳动力市场厚化效应来改善服务业企业的员工配置效率。制度创新变革赋能了企业员工配置结构优化,因此,应深化我国服务业供给侧结构性改革,提升服务业人力资源管理水平,形成服务业厚劳动力市场。

The lagging system and mechanism of the service industry has increasingly become a hindrance to the high-quality development of the industry.The discussion on how to stimulate the new vitality of the service industry through governance reform is still extremely scarce.With the matching data of Chinese listed companies and the Difference-in-Difference method,this paper examines the impact of the national comprehensive reform pilot policy in the service industry on the staff allocation efficiency of service enterprises.The results show that the implementation of the pilot policy of comprehensive reform in the service industry has significantly improved the efficiency of employee allocation in service industry enterprises,and it is mainly achieved by reducing enterprise redundancy.Furthermore,the policy effect of the comprehensive reform of the service industry is more obvious in the sample of capital and technology intensive enterprises,state-owned enterprises,enterprises with larger staff size,enterprises in areas with greater employment pressure or low degree of marketization,enterprises with high degree of industry monopoly,enterprises with lower agency costs of controlling shareholders,and enterprises with high degree of short-sighted managers.The mechanism test found that the comprehensive reform of the service industry mainly improved the staff allocation efficiency of service enterprises through alleviating the moistening effect of enterprise financing constraints,promoting the upgrading effect of regional human capital structure,promoting the upgrading effect of technological progress,and strengthening the thickening effect of labor market.In the context of high-quality development,this study expands the theoretical research on enabling enterprise employee allocation based on the perspective of institutional change,which has important implications for comprehensively deepening the supply side structural reform of the service industry and improving the level of human resources in the service industry in the new stage.