我国钻井液技术难题、新进展及发展建议

Challenges,Developments,and Suggestions for Drilling Fluid Technology in China

系统地梳理了超深/特深层、非常规、深水、干热岩、极地、天然气水合物等复杂地层钻探过程中面临的钻井液技术难题,探讨了关键科学问题与核心工程难题,结合近年来的钻井液技术进展,介绍了钻井液技术最新进展。针对复杂地层钻井过程中遇到的高温高压高盐、泥页岩水化严重、井壁失稳、大温差、井漏、储层损害,以及钻井液维护自动化程度低等问题,国内外学者研发了抗高温高盐水基/油基钻井液、恒流变钻井液、抗超高温泡沫钻井液、环境友好型超低温钻井液、智能温压响应承压堵漏材料、可降解储层保护材料、钻井液在线监测与自动加料系统等关键材料、体系与装备。但随着地质、工程环境愈加复杂,钻井液材料仍面临抗超高温高盐、超长时间稳定、防塌固壁、恶性漏失以及钻井液性能自动化调控等重大技术瓶颈。为满足复杂地层钻探过程中钻井液性能需求,未来还需深入研究钻井液处理剂在极端条件下的起效/失效机理,钻井液处理剂在微观-介观-宏观等不同尺度下的构效关系变化及作用机制,建立安全高效的钻井液多功能一体化调控方法,构建智能钻井液理论与技术,为实现复杂地层安全高效经济环保钻井提供关键技术支撑。

The technical problems of drilling fluid in ultra-deep,unconventional oil/gas,deep water,hot dry rock,polar,natural gas hydrate and other complex formations are systematically sorted out.The key scientific problems and core engineering problems are discussed.Combined with the research progress of drilling fluid technology in recent years,the development of drilling fluid technology for ultra-deep,unconventional oil/gas,deep water,hot dry rock,polar,natural gas hydrate and other complex oil and gas is provided.The problems in the drilling of complex formations,such as hightemperature,high-pressure and high-salinity,serious shale hydration,wellbore instability,large temperature difference,loss circulation,formation damage,and low degree of automation of drilling fluid maintenance,domestic and foreign researchers have developed key material,systems and equipments such as high-temperature and high-salinity water-based/oil-based drilling fluid,constant rheological drilling fluid,antiultra-high temperature foam drilling fluid,environmentally friendly ultra-lowtemperature drilling fluid,intelligent temperature and pressure response plugging material,degradable reservoirprotection material,drilling fluid online monitoring and automatic feeding system.However,with the increasingly complex formationconditions of drilling,there are still deficiencies in drilling fluid materials in terms of ultra-high temperature resistance,ultra-long-term stability,clay swelling inhibition,and environmental protection performance.Severe/total loss circulation,reservoirprotection,and drilling fluid automation control still face severe challenges.In order to meet the performance requirements of drillingfluid in the process of drilling in complex formations,it is necessary to further study the working/failure mechanism of drilling fluidadditives under complex formation conditions,the structure-activity relationship changes and action mechanism of drilling fluidadditives at different scales such as micro-meso-macro scales,establish a safe and efficient multi-functional integrated controlmethod of drilling fluid,construct intelligent drilling fluid theory and technology,and provide technical support for the development of complex underground resources.