《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中的人类本质论的三重逻辑

Marx's Triadic Logic of Human Essence in Theses on Feuerbach

在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中,马克思站在新唯物主义的立场上,将“人的本质”论述为“在其现实性上,它是一切社会关系的总和(ensemble)”。然而,源自法文的德文“ensemble”被释译为中文“总和”,是否真实反映马克思的本意?这成为国内学界长期忽略或颇有争议的问题。系统澄明马克思关于人的本质的真实意蕴到底是一切社会关系的“总和”还是“合奏”,需要重回马克思经典文本语境,以辩证的理论视野,把握其人类本质论的三重逻辑,即以实践性统摄人的本质、以现实性规定人的本质、以生命性把握人的本质。只有通过实践性、现实性、生命性的“合奏”,才能为人的全面发展和解放提供了可能进路。

In Marx's"Theses on Feuerbach",he took a stance of New Materialism and described the"human essence"as"the totality of all social relations in its actuality".However,there has been a long-standing controversy in the domestic academic community over whether translating the French-originated German term"ensemble"into Chinese as"Zong He"accurately reflects Marx's original intention.Therefore,in order to systematically clarify the true meaning of Marx's view on human essence,whether it is the"Zong He"or the"He Zou"of all social relations?It is necessary to revisit the classical texts of Marx and grasp the triple logic of human nature from a dialectical theoretical perspective,namely,the subsumption of human nature under practice,the determination of human nature by reality,and the apprehension of human nature through vitality.Through the"He Zou"of practice,reality,and vitality,it is possible to provide a path for the comprehensive development and liberation of human beings.