蒙自市7~17岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖和血压偏高现状分析

Status quo of overweight,obesity and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in Mengzi City

目的分析蒙自市儿童青少年超重和肥胖与血压偏高之间的关系,为卫生相关部门制定有效的干预措施提供参考。方法于2020年10月—2021年9月采用分层随机整群抽样方法,共抽取14所学校中30个班级的中小学生开展研究,对其进行问卷调查并测量身高、体重及血压。超重和肥胖与血压偏高之间的关系采用Logistic回归分析。结果研究共纳入7~17岁儿童青少年4015人。超重、肥胖及血压偏高检出率分别为12.53%、10.01%及12.38%。体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组血压偏高检出率分别为9.96%、19.48%及25.62%。超重组和肥胖组血压偏高风险是体重正常组的2.190倍(95%CI:1.696~2.926,P<0.001)和3.243倍(95%CI:2.501~4.204,P<0.001)。对1604名9~17岁儿童青少年的饮食、运动等行为进行分析,非寄宿生(15.09%)、食用新鲜水果≥1次/d(13.49%)学生的肥胖率更高(χ^(2)=18.012、7.225,P<0.05);不饮用含糖饮料(16.88%)、每周进行60min以上中高强度运动≤2d(14.47%)的学生血压偏高率更高(χ^(2)=9.403、14.921,P<0.01)。结论高血压的患病风险随超重肥胖发生风险的增加而增高,且与多种因素密切相关。因此,对儿童青少年进行有效的体重控制与行为生活方式干预十分必要。

Objective To analyze the association of overweight and obesity with elevated blood pressure(BP)among children and adolescents in Mengzi City,in order to provide reference for making effective interventions.Methods A total of 30 classes of students in 14 schools were selected into this study by a stratified random cluster sampling method from October 2020 to September 2021.The paticipants completed a questionnaire survey,and had their height,weight and BP measured.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of overweight and obesity with elevated BP.Results A total of 4015 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years were involved in the study.The detection rate of overweight,obesity and elevated BP was 12.53%,10.01%and 12.38%,respectively.The detection rate of elevated BP was 9.96%,19.48%and 25.62%in normal weight,overweight and obese groups,respectively.The risk of elevated BP in the overweight and obese groups was 2.190 times(95%CI:1.696-2.926,P<0.001)and 3.243 times(95%CI:2.501-4.204,P<0.001)as high as that in normal weight groups.The dietary and exercise behaviors of 1604 adolescents were analyzed,it was found that the detection rate of obesity was significntly higher in non-boarding students(15.09%)and those who consumed fresh fruits at least once a day(13.49%)(χ^(2)=18.012,7.225,P<0.05),the detection rate of elevated BP was significantly higher in among those who did not consume sugary beverages(16.88%),and performed moderate-to-high intensity physical exercise of 60 minutes or more≤2 days per week(16.88%)(χ^(2)=9.403,14.921,P<0.01).Conclusions The risk of developing hypertension increases with the high prevalence of overweight and obesity and is strongly associated with multiple factors.Therefore,it is essential to conduct effective weight control and behavioral lifestyle interventions among children and adolescents.