阿尔茨海默病相关神经炎症在疾病早期诊断中的研究进展

Research progress of neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease in the early diagnosis of the disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是以认知记忆不可逆性恶化为特征的神经变性疾病。AD致病机理多样,主要病理特征是β-淀粉样蛋白多肽(β-amyloid polypeptide,Aβ)沉积和tau蛋白纤维缠结。近年来,炎症机制亦被AD研究者所关注。2023年阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议(Alzheimer's association international conference,AAIC)修订AD诊断框架,扩增传统的ATN框架为ATNIVS,其中I为炎症机制,提示神经炎症可以作为AD疾病诊断或药物治疗的靶向策略。目前炎症与AD的关系复杂,一方面炎症因子可以作为生物标志物预测临床前AD的发生,另一方面可以改善或加剧AD神经病变。因此本文将对炎症因子在AD疾病进展中的临床价值和作为早期诊断生物标志物的相关研究进行论述,包括炎症因子种类(白介素、肿瘤坏死因子及趋化因子等)和功能、炎症与神经胶质细胞及神经元的关系,炎症作为AD早期诊断生物标志物等,深入探讨神经炎症与AD疾病进程之间的关系,对系统了解神经炎症在AD中的作用具有一定的意义。

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative condition that causes irreversible cognitive decline.The pathogenesis of AD is complex,with the main pathological features being the deposition ofβ-amyloid polypeptide(Aβ)and tau fibrillary tangles.In addition,inflammatory mechanisms have recently gained attention from AD researchers.The diagnostic framework for Alzheimer's disease has been revised by Alzheimer's Association International Conference 2023,expanding the traditional Amyloid,Tau,and Neurodegeneration(ATN)framework to ATNIVS.The letter“I”has been added to represent the inflammatory mechanism.This suggests that neuroinflammation could be used as a targeted strategy for AD disease diagnosis or drug treatment.Currently,the relationship between inflammation and AD is complex.Inflammatory factors may serve as biomarkers for predicting the onset of preclinical AD,as well as potentially exacerbating AD neuropathy.This article will discuss the clinical value of inflammatory factors in the progression of AD and related research as early diagnostic biomarkers,including the types and functions of inflammatory factors such as interleukins,tumor necrosis factor,and chemokines.It also explores the relationship between inflammation and glial cells and neurons,and the potential of inflammation as a biomarker for early diagnosis of AD.The study of the relationship between neuroinflammation and AD disease progression is significant for understanding the role of neuroinflammation in AD.It is important to use precise subject-specific vocabulary when it conveys the meaning more precisely than a similar non-technical term.