二氧化硅纳米颗粒潜在的神经毒性对神经变性疾病的影响

Potential neurotoxicity of silica nanoparticles:implications for neurodegenerative diseases

神经变性疾病是一类慢性疾病,包括常见的阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)、帕金森病(parkinson’s disease,PD)和额颞叶痴呆(frontotemporal dementia,FTD)等。这些疾病的病理生理变化特点均有神经元内出现异常蛋白质聚集、氧化应激反应、线粒体功能障碍等,最终可导致神经元变性死亡。目前虽无彻底治愈这些疾病的特异性疗法,但是不乏可以帮助缓解症状或延缓疾病进展的药物治疗方法。其中,包括二氧化硅纳米颗粒(silica nanoparticles,SiNPs)作为一种新型材料用于神经保护剂作用的疗法。最近的研究表明,这种材料虽有其优点,但可能对神经变性疾病产生负面影响。因此,本文拟以近年相关报道,从SiNPs的暴露途径以及其与神经炎症、线粒体功能障碍、Aβ和p-Tau的临床前研究进行综述,为充分认识SiNPs潜在神经毒性机制研究以及NRDs的防治提供理论或实践依据。

Neurodegenerative diseases,or Neurodegenerative-related diseases(NRDs),is a kind of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),and frontotemporal dementia(FTD).The common path-physiological characteristics of these diseases are including abnormal protein accumulation in the neurons,oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction,which result in possible neuronal death.So far there have been none of cure in the therapitic methods to these diseases.However,there are some strategies of treatments can help to relieve symptoms or delay the progression of these diseases.Silica nanoparticles(SiNPs)is a new type of material,as a drug carrier in the medical field or a neuroprotective agent in neuroscience.However,recent studies have shown that it may have negative effects on neurodegenerative diseases.It is necessary that the biosafety of SiNPs on nervous system and its working mechanisms will be further studied.Therefore,to provide a theoretical or practical guidance to people,based on the recent literatures,a review summarizes some relevent preclinical studies on SiNPs applications and its effects on neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,Aβand p-Tau,will be reported here by us.