新疆资源植物多样性的组成特点及分布特征

The Diversity Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Resource Plants in Xinjiang

【目的】确定新疆资源植物的物种组成和空间分布,对其开展有效保护至关重要。【方法】本研究基于大量文献资料的查阅、收集和整理,以自然分布于新疆的维管植物为研究对象,对新疆资源植物的种类、分布和生境等信息进行收集、整理和归纳,并分析了新疆资源植物的基本组成、地理和生境分布特征。【结果】1)自然分布于新疆的资源植物共计1003种,隶属于104科460属。在蕨类植物、裸子植物和被子植物3个类群中,被子植物相对丰富,占据了总物种的96.31%。按利用类型可分为食用植物、药用植物、工业植物和环保植物4类,数量占比最多的是药用植物,为77.77%。生活型包括草本、灌木和乔木3类,其中草本植物占据了主体,占比高达82.35%。2)在市域上的水平地理分布不均匀,主要集中分布在北疆的几个大地级市中,阿勒泰地区物种组成最丰富,包含了70.09%的物种。3)在海拔上的垂直地理分布范围很广,主要集中分布于1000~2100 m的中海拔范围内,呈随海拔升高而先增加后降低的单峰分布模式。4)在生境上的分布不均匀,草原、森林是包含物种数最多的2类(自然)植被,占比分别为32.70%和31.80%。【结论】新疆资源植物组成丰富,草本植物是主体,其中药用植物数量最多。新疆资源植物空间分布不均匀,主要集中分布于北疆山区中海拔地段,以草原和森林生境为主。本研究可为新疆资源植物多样性保护提供科学参考依据。

【Objective】Identifying the species composition and spatial distribution of Xinjiang’s resource plants is crucial for their effective conservation.【Method】Based on an extensive review,collection,and organization of literature,focuses on the vascular plants naturally distributed in Xinjiang,we gathered,organized and summarized information on the types,distribution,and habitats of Xinjiang’s resource plants and analyzed the basic composition,geographical and habitat distribution characteristics of Xinjiang’s resource plants.【Result】1)There are a total of 1003 species of resource plants naturally distributed in Xinjiang,belonging to 104 families and 460 genera.Among the three groups of ferns,gymnospermae and angiosperm,angiosperm plant species are relatively abundant,accounting for 96.31%of the total species.Based on the type of use,these resource pants can be categorized into edible,medicinal,industrial,and protective plants,with medicinal plants making up the majority at 77.77%.The life forms include herbs,shrubs and trees,with herbs being the predominant form accounting for 82.35%.2)The horizontal geographical distribution across cities is uneven,mainly concentrated in several prefecture-level cities in northern Xinjiang,with the Altay region having the richest species composition,containing 70.09%of the species.3)The vertical geographical distribution across altitudes is broad,mainly concentrated in the mid-altitude range of 1000~2100 m,showing a unimodal distribution pattern that first increases and then decreases with rising altitude.4)The distribution across habitats is uneven.Grassland and forest,are types of(natural)vegetation containing the most species,accounting for 32.70%and 31.80%of the total species,respectively.【Conclusion】Xinjiang's resource plants have a rich composition,with herbs being the main body and medicinal plants being the most numerous.The spatial distribution of Xinjiang’s resource plants is uneven,mainly concentrated in the mid-altitude regions of the mountains in northern Xinjiang,primarily in grassland and forest habitats.This study provides a reference for the conservation of resource plants diversity in Xinjiang region.