热裂解-气相色谱/质谱在文化遗产研究中的应用进展

Application progress of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the research on cultural relic conservation

色谱和质谱联用技术是有机物常用的一种分析方法,在文物保护与考古残留物研究等方面的应用已有几十年的发展。色谱与质谱联用分析样品时,需要对样品进行水解提取、衍生化等前处理,这个过程较繁琐,且耗时长,另外在样品处理过程中还有样品流失的情况发生。因此,现在一般采用热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用技术(pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Py-GC/MS)来分析有机质样品。Py-GC/MS在分析样品时有如下优势:无需对样品进行前处理,样品可直接进行热裂解分析,操作比较简单;灵敏度高,能实现多组分混合有机样品识别;需要样品量很少,可满足文物样品微损分析检测的要求。因此,该方法在文化遗产保护和考古有机残留物识别鉴定中发挥了重要的作用。

Chromatography and mass spectrometry are commonly used analytical methods for organic matters,and their applications in cultural relic conservation and archaeological residue research have been developed for decades.When chromatography and mass spectrometry are combined to analyze samples,it may be necessary to perform hydrolytic extraction,derivatization and other pre-treatments of the samples,which is cumbersome and time-consuming,and some samples may be lost during sample processing.Therefore,pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)is now generally used to analyze organic materials.Py-GC/MS boasts the following advantages:1)no pre-treatments of samples—samples can be directly analyzed by thermal cracking,and the operation is relatively simple;2)high sensitivity—identification of organic samples with multiple components can be realized;3)small amounts of samples needed,which meets the detection requirements for the micro-destructive analysis of cultural relic samples.Therefore,Py-GC/MS plays an important role in the conservation and restoration of cultural relics and the identification of archaeological residues.