《礼记·玉藻》“君赐车马”章辨诂

Interpretation of the Chapter“Monarch's Granting Carriages and Horses”of Jade Jewelry in The Book of Rites

学界关于《礼记·玉藻》“君赐车马”句的读法、释义主要有两种观点。一种以郑玄为代表,认为“拜”“赐”二字当分读,后一句言卿大夫受赐于天子,归必致于其君,待君有命才能使用;另一种以陆佃为代表,认为“拜”“赐”当合读,后一句承接前一句,言没有国君之命则不敢乘服。经考辨,这两句是统言“三赐”之礼,陆氏的读法更符合经文语境,但他对第二句的释义不甚清晰,应释为:若没有得到国君的正式授命,则不可以立即乘服。关于“据掌致诸地”,多数学者认为是解释“稽首”之仪,但实属赘述;段玉裁等人认为是臣受君面赐所行之礼。经考察,臣受君面赐确实应先稽首然后受所赐之物,则“据掌致诸地”应释为:臣稽首而后双手捧所赐之物于地上。

About the reading and interpretation of“Jun Ci Che Ma(monarch's granting carriages and horses)”in Jade Jewelry in The Book of Rites,the academic circle has two main viewpoints.One is represented by Zheng Xuan,who believes that“Bai”and“Ci”should be read separately,and that the latter sentence points out that the senior official receiving a reward from the king must give it to his monarch when he returns,and he can not use it until his monarch gives the consent.The other is represented by Lu Dian,who believes that“Bai”and“Ci”should be read together,and the latter sentence follows the former one,which means that the reward can not be used without an order from the monarch.According to the textual research,these two sentences as a whole refer to the etiquette of reward,and Lu's reading is more in line with the context of scripture.But his interpretation of the second sentence is not clear.It should be interpreted as“these horses and clothes should not be used immediately without the monarch's formal order”.In terms of“Ju Zhang Zhi Zhu Di(left hand pressing right one and both touching the ground)”,most scholars believe that it explains the etiquette of“Qi Shou(kotow)”,but it is really tautological.Duan Yucai and others think that it is the etiquette taken by the subject accepting the monarch's reward face to face.After the investigation,a subject receiving the monarch's reward should first Qi Shou(kotow)and then accept it.So“Ju Zhang Zhi Zhu Di”should be interpreted as“the subject kotows,and then holds the reward in both hands on the ground”.