文成县老年人失能发生现状及影响因素研究

Current status of disability and its influencing factors among the elderly in Wencheng County

目的调查文成县老年人失能发生现状,分析其影响因素,为卫生健康部门研究制定老年人失能早期预防及干预管理策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,于2022年1—10月,调查文成县20个农村社区的705名老年人基本人口学特征、失能情况、健康状况、社会支持等情况,采用Pearson χ^(2)检验,多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人失能影响因素。结果文成县≥60岁老年人失能发生率为24.40%,其中轻度失能者占比最高,为82.56%。年龄≥80岁(OR=1.923,95%CI:1.083~3.416)、自评健康状况非常好/较好(OR=0.568,95%CI:0.380~0.849)、罹患慢性病数量(OR=1.980,95%CI:1.070~3.665)、近一年住院次数(OR=2.657,95%CI:1.713~4.120)及获得社会支持程度高(OR=0.451,95%CI:0.281~0.723)是老年人失能发生的影响因素。结论文成县≥60岁老年人失能发生率相对较高,但以轻度为主,卫生健康部门应进一步完善老年人失能预防及干预网络,重点针对高龄、慢病患病数多、健康状况不稳定、社会支持度低的老年人开展老年人失能风险评估,及早识别失能风险,尽早开展健康干预健康教育,提高老年人健康水平。

Objective To investigate the current situation of disability among the elderly in Wencheng County,to analyze its influencing factors,and to provide a basis for the health department to research and develop early prevention and intervention management strategies for elderly disability.Method A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the general demographic characteristics,disability,health status and social support of 705 senior citizens from 20 rural communities in Wencheng County from January to October 2022.Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to assess the senior citizens’above-mentioned information.A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the factors influencing disability in the senior citizens.Results The incidence rate of disability among the senior citizens aged 60 years and above in Wencheng County was 24.40%,with the highest proportion being mild disability,accounting for 82.56%.Age≥80 years old(OR=1.923,95%CI:1.083-3.416),self-rated perfect/good health status(OR=0.568,95%CI:0.380-0.849),types of suffering from chronic diseases(OR=1.980,95%CI:1.070-3.665),the frequency of hospitalization in the last year(OR=2.657,95%CI:1.713-4.120)and obtaining high-level social support(OR=0.451,95%CI:0.281-0.723)were the factors influencing the occurrence of disability in the senior citizens.Conclusion The incidence rate of disability among the senior citizens aged 60 years and above in Wencheng County is relatively high,but most cases are mild.The health department should further improve the disability prevention and intervention network for the elderly,perform elderly disability risk assessment targeted on the elderly with advanced age,several types of chronic diseases,unstable physical condition and low-level social support,identify disability risk as early as possible,conduct health intervention and education as soon as possible so as to improving the health level of the elderly.