甘平和明日见杂柑在南充市的引种表现及关键栽培技术

Introduction performance and key cultivation techniques of Kanpei and Asumi citrus varieties in Nanchong city

甘平和明日见是20世纪90年代日本选育的高糖低酸晚熟杂柑品种。2016年从西南大学柑桔研究所引进甘平和明日见至南充进行试种观察。在南充,香橙砧甘平和明日见树体生长健壮,开花着果能力较强,果实于1月成熟,可溶性固形物分别为13.8%和14.3%,可滴定酸分别为0.875和1.012 g/100 mL。露地种植裂果严重,甘平和明日见裂果率分别高达53.6%和63.4%。在第二次生理落果期后搭建避雨棚,同时喷施20 mg/L赤霉酸和补充钙钾磷元素,可有效降低裂果率,每667 m^(2)产量可分别达到1146.1和1103.2 kg。甘平和明日见在南充种植品质优良、商品性好,但对种植技术和基础设施条件有较高要求,适宜小面积推广种植。栽培管理的核心工作是降低裂果。

Kanpei and Asumi are of high sugar,low acid,late maturing hybrid citrus varieties selected in Japan in the 1990s and were introduced into Nanchong from Citrus Research Institute of Southwest University for trial planting.In Nanchong,Kanpei and Asumi on Citrus junos rootstock showed strong growth,flowering and fruiting abilities.The fruits matured in January,with soluble solids of 13.8%and 14.3%,and titratable acids of 0.875 g/100 mL and 1.012 g/100 mL,respectively.Kanpei and Asumi showed severe fruit cracking in open field cultivation,with cracking rates of 53.6%and 63.4%,respectively.After the second physiological fruit drop,cover the trees with shelter and spraying 20 mg/L GA_(3)and applying calcium,potassium,and phosphorus fertilizers can effectively reduce the cracking rate to achieve the yield of 1,146.1 kg and 1,103.2 kg per 667 m^(2),respectively.Kanpei and Asumi planted in Nanchong showed excellent fruit quality and high economic value.However,they both required high culture techniques and orchard infrastructure conditions,so they are only suitable for promotion in small-scale production.The key task of cultivation management is to reduce the fruit cracking rate.