菜用型和果用型番木瓜表型性状表达差异性分析

Analysis of difference of the phenotypic characteristics of vegetable type and fruit type papayas

为了给番木瓜品种DUS(特异性、一致性和稳定性)测试操作手册制订和测试指南修订提供依据,以为开展不同类型番木瓜种质创制及评价打下基础,对3个菜用型和3个果用型番木瓜品种的49个表型性状进行观测分析,比较菜用型和果用型番木瓜,及同类型不同品种间表型性状表达差异性。结果表明,菜用型和果用型番木瓜在果实纵径、果实形状、单果质量等24个性状上存在明显差异,且明显差异性状主要集中在果实完熟期,其中果实形状、单果质量、果实中部空腔形状等17个性状达到极明显差异。菜用型和果用型番木瓜品种间均在叶柄花青甙显色强度、花冠长度、果实纵径等14个性状上存在明显差异,可将其确定为菜用型和果用型番木瓜差异化表达的表型性状,并作为区分两者的主要性状。菜用型番木瓜品种间均在植株始花高度、株高、叶柄长度等4个性状上存在明显差异,可将其作为区分菜用型番木瓜品种的主要性状。这些差异性状可为修订番木瓜DUS测试指南提供参考。

In order to provide basis for the formulation of the DUS(specificity,consistency and stability)test operation manual and the revision of the test guide,also lay a foundation for the creation and evaluation of different types of papaya germplasms,49 phenotypic characteristics of 3 vegetable type and 3 fruit type papaya varieties were observed and analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences in 24 characteristics,such as fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape,single fruit weight,and the obvious different characteristics were mainly related to the fruit maturity,among which,the 17 characteristics reached extremely significant differences,such as fruit shape,single fruit weight,and central cavity shape of fruit.There were obvious differences between vegetable type and fruit type papaya varieties in 14 characteristics,such as anthocyanin color intensity of petioles,flower corolla length,fruit longitudinal diameter,which can be identified as the differentiated phenotypic characteristics of vegetable type and fruit type papayas,and can be used as the main characteristics to distinguish these two types of papayas.There were obvious differences among four characteristics of vegetable type papaya varieties,such as plant height at first flowering,plant height,petiole length,which could be used as the main characteristics to distinguish vegetable type papaya varieties.These differential characteristics can provide reference for revising the DUS test guidelines for papaya.