6种杀菌剂对生姜炭疽病的室内毒力测定及田间药效评价

Evaluation of the Indoor Toxicity and Field Protection Effect of Six Fungicides on the Anthracnose of Ginger

为筛选出高效防治生姜炭疽病的药剂,通过室内活性测定和田间药效评价2种方法比较了6种杀菌剂对生姜炭疽病的毒力及防治效果。室内试验结果表明:苯醚甲环唑和咪鲜胺抑菌活性较高,EC50分别为4.058 7μg/mL和4.418 0μg/mL,吡唑醚菌酯抑菌活性较低,EC50>40μg/mL,嘧菌酯和甲基硫菌灵抑菌活性最差,两者均表现EC50>100μg/mL。田间试验结果表明:10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(667 m^(2)有效成分6.0 g)、45%咪鲜胺水乳剂(667 m^(2)有效成分30.0 g)和25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂(667 m^(2)有效成分7.5 g)处理有比较好的防治效果,分别为93.48%、87.71%和89.01%,均显著高于对照,而25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、50%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂处理的防治效果较差。因此,综合室内毒力试验和田间试验结果,推荐轮换使用10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(667 m^(2)有效成分6.0 g)、25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂(667 m^(2)有效成分7.5 g)和45%咪鲜胺水乳剂(667 m^(2)有效成分30.0 g)防治生姜炭疽病。

In order to screen out efficient fungicides for the prevention and control of anthracnose of ginger,the toxicity and control effects of six fungicides on anthracnose of ginger were compared through two methods of indoor toxicity test and field efficacy evaluation.The indoor toxicity test results showed that the antifungal activities of feniconazole and prochloraz were relatively high,with EC50 values of 4.0587μg/mL,4.4180μg/mL,respectively,pyraclostrobin had low antifungal activity with EC50>40μg/mL,azoxystrobin and methylthiophanate had the worst antifungal activity,both with EC50>100μg/mL.The field test results showed that 10%feniconazole water dispersible granules(6.0 g of effective ingredient per 667 m^(2)),45%prochloraz water emulsion(30.0 g of effective ingredient 667 m^(2))and 25%pyraclostrobin suspension(7.5 g of effective ingredient per 667 m^(2))had relatively good control effects with 93.48%,87.71%and 89.01%,respectively,which significantly higher than that of control.However,the control effects of 25%azoxystrobin suspension and 50%methylthiophanate wettable powder were poor.Therefore,based on the results of indoor toxicity tests and field trials,it was recommended to alternatively use of 10%feniconazole water dispersible granules(6.0 g of effective ingredient per 667 m^(2)),25%pyraclostrobin suspension(7.5 g of effective ingredient per 667 m^(2))and 45%prochloraz water emulsion(30.0 g of effective ingredient per 667 m^(2))to prevent anthracnose of ginger.